Construction Of Water Conservancy In Western Henan Province Of The Qing Dynasty And Its Management

Irrigation and water management in historical period has always been attracted by academia for several years, And in recent years the regional water resources society has become the object of attention in this area, achievement on this object is the more appropriate the full. Among them, the Henan region mainly focused on these larger areas, such as Yi-Luo area, northern Henan province and the flood area in the east of Henan province. Although there are more research about the Yi-Luo area, mostly based in Luoyang as the center of the main water transport and urban water, irrigation and water conservancy construction is only briefly mentioned, and the study period are mostly Han, Tang and Song Dynasties. Qing Dynasty is the sum of China's traditional agricultural society, at that time the water conservancy construction in western Henan Province has entered into a climax stage, however, the academic research about this is still vacant, this paper chose the point of view of farmland water conservancy construction and the water management in western Henan province in the Qing Dynasty, in order to restore the water conservancy construction and the water management in this area.In this paper, the Qing Dynasty chronicles, memorials, travel notes, inscriptions and other historical documents, sub-basin water diversion channels for the area recovery, agricultural wells and other water conservancy construction, irrigation technology, as well as on farm water management, basically solved the problem about the construction of farmland water conservancy undertakings and the operation in the western Henan in the Qing Dynasty, and reached the following understanding:1, construction of water conservancy in western Henan province in the Qing Dynasty is an important stage of farmland in the historic building. In the Qing Dynasty, Kangxi to Qianlong period, especially, this area, the rise of the tide to start digging the lead irrigation, formed as the main Yi-Luo two rivers to small streams, supplemented by the irrigation canal system. Build drainage pipes and quantity, except along the Yi and Luo construction of large canals, other smaller canals, these channels are mostly soil drainage, irrigation capability is weak. Revised from those who advocate classified drains, the drains can be divided into the official start digging the ground and people start digging, where the official start digging a larger scale, high cost and long time-consuming, and often more effective. Drains to channel the remaining towns and villages where the gentlemen advocacy, held a village or several villages from the power of irrigating, or accept outside relief money beefing inputs (such as Beijing and Shanghai Yu Qing Dynasty to raise disaster relief Association, the Shanghai Association of Northern relief workers, Jiangsu and Zhejiang Relief Association Charity organization contributions of many new channels for drought County to start digging.) These drains are often small in scale, but the large number of distribution is more dispersed, to meet the villagers along the canal irrigation purposes.2,As an important supplement to the form of irrigation to the irrigation diversion canal, well irrigation has also been a great development in this period. In the higher ground, it is difficult diversion canal irrigation area, irrigation water is an important method to solve the field, even in some areas (such as Mianchi, Xin an, etc.) well irrigation as a major way. Dug wells for water technology and technology is lagging behind, only to the late Qing Dynasty, only the more advanced modern wells, provided water technology.3, due to less abundant local water resources, and the uneven geographical distribution, making use of water resources in the local process, the various forces over the water rights of the struggle is fierce, which is active in irrigation management factors, and articles of association of water development, water issues such as dispute resolution management and use of a local water main content, and unique geographical features.Severe floods and droughts in western Henan province, in particular the frequency of drought, a great impact on agricultural production, while the Yi River and Luo, Hongnong jianhe so through the land, which is the need to irrigating farmland water conservancy and possibility, coupled with political stability and the early Qing Dynasty, the local government attaches importance to water conservancy construction, making the local water conservancy construction in the rapid development of the Qing Dynasty.