During The National Government Of Shaanxi Province Farmers' Association (1944-1949)

After the Nanjing National Government was set up, the government looking back at the breaks to the old rural order which was made by the peasant association led by the Communist Party during the period of the National Revolution, the Nanjing National Government tried to re-integrate the various forces in villages and control the rural areas to suppress the survival space of the Communist Party in rural areas and reestablish the rural order.In the early years of the Nanjing National Government, the KMT (guomintang, the name of a Chinese party) had huge disputes about whether to continue the mass movement. Ultimately, the point of view of continuing to develop the mass movement prevailed. Meanwhile, the Nanjing National Government started the process of rebuilding the peasant association. However, different opinions were held by the members of KMT, so they could not reach a consensus. Besides, the reconstruction of the peasant association was limited to the peasant movement regulations, policies and some other documentary work, and the majority of these works could not be put into practice effectively. Thus, the peasant associations of different levels in Shaanxi Province developed extremely slowly during this period.After the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan (1937-1945), in order to achieve the goal of "Nation-building During the War", the Nanjing National Government had an increasing emphasis on the activities of the peasant association. Reorganizing the peasant association in the area where they were already established, establishing peasant association where they did not exist, the Nanjing National Government began the consolidation work. When the war intensified, the Nanjing National Government gained the leadership of the peasant movement from the departments of the KMT, where the organizations were slack, and then distributed it to various levels of governments. Since the peasant association of the county and village in Shaanxi Province had a rapid development, the Peasant Association of Shaanxi Province was set up in Xi'an in August,1944.After the establishment of the Peasant Association of Shaanxi Province, under the guidance of the Social Bureau and Construction Department affiliated to the government of Shaanxi Province, the Peasant Association of Shaanxi Province led all levels of the peasant association to perform the professional work, which obtained certain achievements. It not only developed the economy of rural areas but also contributed to the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan. Nevertheless, because of the limitations of some subjective and objective conditions, such as the financial and environmental circumstance, the development of the peasant association did not last long. With the Nanjing national government's failure in the military, the Peasant Association of Shaanxi Province, which was under the auspices of the Nanjing National Government, dropped out of this stage of history?At present, China is in the period of social transition. Many contradictions have begun to appear in rural areas. Gradually, the government became concerned about the issues of agriculture, countryside and peasants. A large number of people strongly advocates the re-establishment of the peasant association, and safeguards the profits of peasants. Looking into the Association's affairs and the Professional work of the peasant movement in Shaanxi Province and its effective and inadequate aspects during the reign of Nanjing National Government, it can help us figure out the solutions to the problems of agriculture, countryside and peasants.