Research Of Agricultural And Animal Husbandry In The Qing Dynasty

Long before Tibet has been belonging to China. It is an undisputable fact that it has been included into Chinese territory since Yuan Dynasty. Even in Tang Dynasty, the central plain government built friendly relations with Tibet. The three dynasties Yuan, Ming and Qing dominated Tibet effectively and directly. Tibet is an area where many ethnics inhabit, but with Tibetans as the majority. Animal husbandry is its pillar social and economic trait, with agriculture and animal husbandry existing there side by side. So the development of farming and animal is always the most important problem in Tibet. At present China is carrying out the Westside Large-scale Development in the West. Development of Tibet has become the hot spot to date. Because of Qing Dynasty's effective administration over Tibet, this research selects the subject of farming and animal in Tibet. This study can not only meet the demand of farming and animal research in west China, but also it can provide some reference materials and help other experts to induce some inspirations to know Tibet and to build Tibet. This study, based on historical records conducted by past and present expertise, expounds the outcome of administration exerted by the government of Qing Dynasty over Tibet. As a feudal dynasty established by the Manchu Nationality, Qing Dynasty gives a good example in forming a good relation with locals, in coping with ethnic problems, and in implementing its policies and measurements. Compared with other dynasties, its administration is unprecedented. The Qing Government had a full control over the religious matters by getting support from Lamaism, conferring titles to Dalais and setting up the Jin Ben Ba Ping System. It also appointed officials to locate in Tibet for the purpose of managing Tibetan government affairs with persons mandated by the central dynasty. At the beginning of Qing Dynasty, the government dispatched military forces many times to Tibet to crash the instabilities and to prevent outside invasions, thus forming a firm control over Tibet. By the implementation of the Rules Made by Imperial Order, the fanning and animal industry had always been in a state of stability and orderliness, outlining an ideal production structure and pattern for the local farming and animal industry, as well as constituting a colony of crop and animal varieties fitting in with local super cold natural conditions and social Conditions. It is proved historically that the policies implemented and measures taken by the Qing dynasty government are compatible with Tibetan realities. In another word, two-hundreds-years?rule by Qing dynasty government in Tibet is of most effective and thorough in history. This study, by reviewing Tibetan social situations and agro-animal basis, depicting the relation of the central government with Tibetan locality and describing the overall government of the Qing Dynasty over Tibet, analyzes the characteristics of the Tibetan agro-animal development, discovers the historical fact that the exploited and oppressed Tibetan serfs made a great contribution of wealth to the society, and also finds out the historical limitations of Tibetan agro-animal development in Qing Dynasty. With a comparison between the economic foundation of the past three-hundred-year's Qing Dynasty and the economy of today, suggestions on the present development of Tibetan fanning and animal husbandry economy is made in this paper.