Ming And Qing Style Of Study, From The Zhu Shunshui Scholarship

Zhu zhiyu (1600 -1682), styled Chuyu and literarily named Shunshui, was born in Yuyao, Zhejiang Province and had once been in Songjiang, Shanghai. As a survival of Ming dynasty, Shunshui repeatedly refused invitations to high positions of Qing Court, and at last had to flee to Japan, and then spend his remaining 20 years in Japan.This paper stands on the position of " scholarship essence", put Shunshui in the great environment of Ming and Qing dynasty. Based on this background, analyze the relationship of him and the society. The story of Shunshui has experienced a long process after it sends back to his hometown. Since modern age, especially in the late Qing Dynasty and republican period, a large quantity of famous scholars, such as Kang youwei, Huang zunyan, Wang tao, Zhang taiyan, Liang qichao, Sun zhongshan, Lu xun, Li dazhao, Ma yifu, Yu dafu and so on, had all introduced or studied Shunshui's story and learning thoughts, which promoted the spread of Shunshui's story in his homeland. Up from the beginning of 20 centuries, the excluding Manchu of thought rise suddenly, descending to 18th September. Fighting the invading army of incident upsurge, Shunshui's research spread for several times. But the key points of each time are different.From this we are easy to peep the background of Shunshui studies. We divided Shunshui's researche in late Qing dynasty into four stages, namely before and after 1911 revolution, 20's and 30's.Based on describing the research of Shunshui, we draw the outline of the condition of Shunshui's research in the late Qing dynasty and Republican Period.Experienced the vicissitude of Ming and Qing dynasty, starting form the idea of practice, a generation of scholars discard the "Xu "use the "Shi", criticizing Metaphysics, bringing about a reason learned the settlement wave tide, to become a kind of curing to learn to take the path newly. On study, this attitude can be seen as show respect to Confucius, and study Doctrine: It was obvious in this point ofShunshui's study. He leads Confucianism's founder--Confucius--as aim,absorbs the view in ethic in Neo-Cofucianism but rejects the method of metaphysical thoughts. Based on this, Shunshui shouldn't study the metaphysical thoughts. Actually the circumstance is exactly opposition, Shunshui's corpus have many study for to" Mind "and " nature ". Why would this paradox happen on Shunshui's study? We can seek reasons from Shunshui's history circumstances. When Shunshui leaving for Japan, the Japanese Zhuxi school was prosperous, its position did not allow challenge, Shunshui was attained practical use by a life time of curing and learning the view is atthat time and unpopular. Face the blame of Zhuxi scholar and Yangming scholar in Japan, the aqueous form in Shunshui's explores was to beg for as the expedient accounting, but not come from his heart. Neo-Cofucianism is mixed with the Confucius and the Buddha, without the old Buddha, the basement cannot be cured. Shunshui scored the Neo-Cofucianism. But Shunshui did not thoroughly negative" two person", with the practical attitude, he absorbs the view in ethic in " two person", especially the Buddhism.Basically, the tendency of Shunshui's study is a problem of " saying Zhu " or" saying Wang". To this, there are many scholars had studied. We think that the tendency of Shunshui's study cannot simply been summed up as" saying Zhu and saying Wang". In Shnshui's thought, he show his appreciation and critical on Zhu Xi's study and Wang Yangmin's study. So it will be one side view if we study it just from one point of view. In this paper, we studied hi from two ways. First from the macroscopic aspect, namely from Shunshui's evaluation of the " Confucian ", we investigate Shunshui's attitude to "Zun dexing" and " Dao wenxue". In Song and Ming Neo-Cofucianism, Zhu focuses on " Dao wenxue " and looks down upon " Zun dexing". However, Wang's thought was totally opposite. Shunshui's study adopted both Zhu and Wang.He took Zhuxi's " Dao wenxue ", but he did not thoroughly negative Yangming's " Zun dexi...