Qing Dynasty Along During The Kangxi, Yongzheng And Policy And Management, Macau

From the metaphase of the sixteenth century, when it was exploited to a harbor, Macao has been a window of communion between east and west. Macao was a special area, in which Chinese government had dominion but Portuguese resided. And before 1849, Chinese government had managed it in administration and judicature and commerce in a effectual way. From its whole history, especially in Qing dynasty , we can find its cause of prosperity and decline from the policy to it of the Chinese government. In Qian-long period, "Opening a port" policy formed. Macao turned from a area in which Ming dynasty had had dominion but Portuguese resided simply to a place in which all the west merchantman had got through the winter in Qing dynasty. In Shun-Kang-Yong period , the government policy and management to Macao led to this change directly. So which side of these policy and management to Macao led to this change? What was their character and current? And what was the value tropism behind the policy and management to Macao? These are the questions which the thesis try to answer.The thesis consists of five parts.Part One "introduction", mainly illustrates the value and significance of the thesis. It will not only help us to analyze and understand the attitude and fundamental of the Qing dynasty in dealing with the foreign countries, but also help us to clear some questions in the Sino-West relations before the Opium War. Meanwhile, it summarizes extent achievement and finds that existing studies are lack of comparative study with Ming dynasty, especially little of putting the question to the background of Sino-West relations. So it wants to overcome it, and reviews it.Part Two inspects the policy and management of Qing dynasty to Macao during "maritime-forbidden" period. Because of the austere political and martial position, the policy to Macao has a distinctive militarization tendency, and succeeds to Ming dynasty basically. But the managing system to Macao doesn't establish due to the maritime forbidden and the transference of borderline.Part Three is an inspection from opening the carrying trade of Kang-Xi before Yong-Zheng period. The policy to Macao in this period turns more clear and gives the Portuguese more favour, especially in "Southeast Asia-forbidden" period.And the managing system is established actually and runs effectively.Part Four inspects the Yong-Zheng period. In this period, the government begins to restrict Portuguese in Macao more than before. It includes not only restricting the rated merchantman and the people passing in and out Macao, but the instauration of the assistant hsien magistrate of Xiangshan county. These measures reflect the Qing government tries to make Macao as a outpost to confine the west force in a range.Part Five is the conclusion of the thesis. It summarizes the tendency of the policies and the managing measures to Macao, and the changes of orientation and cognition to Macao during Shun-Kang-Yong period.