Joliot - Curie Scientific Achievements And Social Activities

This thesis is mainly about the achievement and social activities of the French physicist Frederic Joliot- Curie who gained the Nobel Prize of Chemistry in 1935.The paper has three sections:The first section is about the teenagers, the career of Joliot- Curie and presents the emotion between Joliot- Curie and China. It gives a brief account of his experience of teenagers and part of his social activities, He fostered the famous physicist Qiansanqiang and chemist Yangchengzong for China, and made grand contribution to the development of Chinese nuclear energy.The content of the second section states Joliot- Curie's scientific works. In 1931, after repeated the experiment of using the particle a to bombard the light elements which were done by Bethe and Becker first, the Joliot- Curie couple gained the right phenomenon of the experiment but drew the wrong conclusion. Chadwick had learned of the phenomenon and after experiment analysis, he found a new particle—neutron. The experiment of the Joliot- Curie couple provided the most important clue to Chadwick, but the Joliot- Curie couple missed the discovery. Through comparing with the tradition and the method of research of two labs, the paper gives the reason why the Joliot-Curie couple missed the discovery. After that, the Joliot- Curie couple drew a lesson and through the experiment they found the artificial radioactivity and achieved the Nobel Prize of chemistry. The discovery of the artificial radioactivity pulled the prelude of nuclear fission. The Joliot- Curie couple played an important role in the discovery of nuclear fission. The famous physicist Qiansanqiang, who is the student of Joliot- Curie, with Hezehui found the phenomenon of uranium nucleus split 3 and 4 under the guide of the Joliot- Curie couple.The third section introduces the main social activities of Joliot- Curie in scientific development. After the end of the second world war, the economy, industry and science of France was in the edge of collapse. Under this hard circumstance, Joliot- Curie was appointed to the director of the National Centre for Scientific Research. Joliot- Curie took a series measures of reform and made the center developed rapidly in a short time. It promoted the renew and development of the science of France. The thesis emphatically analyses the reform measures and researches in the aspects of the reform of the mechanism and the social actions of the science. Today, few materials were involved from these aspects. After left the center, Joliot- Curie established the French Atomic Energy Commissariat and was appointed to High Commissioner. Under his leadership, they set up the first nuclear energy reactor of France. Joliot- Curie initiated the nuclear energy utility of France and made a solidthe first nuclear energy reactor. Joliot- Curie defended the peace of the world during his life, and the thesis partly reappears his efforts.