Analysis Of The Qin Confucian Diplomatic Thinking Paradigm

The Confucianism was founded during the Pre-Ch'in Era. Its diplomatic thoughts contribute an important part to the whole theory. This article tends to illustrate the paradigm of the diplomatic thoughts of the "Pre-Ch'in Confucianism". This paradigm is interpreted as a general view by the Pre-Ch'in Confusions of the inter-state relations during that era, and a series of relevant beliefs and practices including concepts, theories, methodologies and measures. Strongly influenced by the characteristics of the ancient Chinese society, the Pre-Ch'in Confucianism regards the world as in an hierarchic order with "Tianzi" (the son of Heaven or the Emperor) as the world's center and its utmost authority, who spreads his power outside in circles. The Pre-Qi'in Confucians built the connotation of human nature with the principles of "Qinqin"(love the beloved) and "Zunzu"(respect the respectable) and set their ideals as achieving world harmony. Lizhi (rule by virtue) was regarded as the essential measure to rule a country and the whole world.Moreover, the Pre-Qi'in Confucians followed "inner sage and outer king" as the approach to achieve their diplomatic ideals, and considered the common will of the people as the basis of the legitimacy of a regime. Different from the western international relations theories which are strongly influenced by the "Westphalian straightjacket", the Pre-Ch'in diplomatic thoughtsshed light on the current research and practice of international relations theories in three ways: first, it brings a new world view originating from a family model; second, it sets up an assumption of world system which is ruled by virtue; third, it regards the common will of the people as the criterion of legitimacy. These inspirations are conducive to avoiding the inclination of anarchophilia and state-centrism. Furthermore, they provide us with a philosophical basis for the concept and practice of global governing.