"mo" Pronouns

Mozi(墨子), which has abundant contents, is one of the most representative and important works of pre-qin chu-tzu. The research realm of the Mohism is extremely extensive, including politics, military, ethics, logic and physics, etc. The diversity of the research realm makes Mozi full of language materials. Mozi(墨子)is the most important language materials in research of the lingual features of the Warrior States for its widely negotiable colloquial language style. This thesis chooses pronoun as the research object, mainly because the usage of pronoun has a special position in ancient Chinese grammar, as well as an evident evolving track, multifold grammatical functions and pragmatic functions. Compared with other works of the same period, Moz(i墨子)has its own particular characters, for instance: if"Ci Ruo(此若)"are using together,equals to the near demonstrative pronoun"Ci(此)"; and many disyllable pronouns are used extensively, such as"Hedu(何独)","Heju (何遽)","Hebu(何不)","Hebi(何必)". The study of the pronouns in Mozi(墨子)is not only significant in research of the history of Chinese language and former ancient Chinese dynastic history, but also beneficial to apprehend the general picture of pronouns in pre-qin, especially has a significant value in quest for rules of evolution of pronoun.Based on the former research results, this thesis examines the pronouns of Mozi(墨子) roundly and systematically in the light of a combination of macroscopic principle and microcosmic principle. Firstly, it takes the whole pronouns in Mozi(墨子) as main research object, carries on complete investigation, statistics, and depicts the grammatical function of pronouns. On the foundation,it stresses diachronic investigation of pronouns, namely case study about some typical pronouns. And it tries to compare transversely and probe longitudinally of the history of the evolvement of pronouns. It induces the traits of grammatical functions of pronouns through diachronic analysis and depiction, and summarizes the usage and evolution of pronouns, as well as the connection with the pronouns in Modern ChineseThe thesis comprehensively discusses the pronouns of Mozi(墨子). The thesis divides them into personal pronouns, demonstrative pronouns and interrogative pronouns in the terms of acknowledged pronoun classifying stander. The 3rd person pronouns being in the conversion period, had not come into being an unaided system in pre-qin. Wherefore the so-called the 3rd person pronouns"彼(bi)"is classified as the the near demonstrative pronoun,"之(zhi)"as arbitrary reference ,"其(qi)"as given demonstrative pronouns. The thesis divides the demonstrative pronouns of Mozi(墨子) into: the near demonstrative pronoun , the distant demonstrative pronoun, the extensive demonstrative pronoun, given demonstrative pronouns, indefinite demonstrative pronouns, other demonstrative pronouns and special demonstrative pronouns consulting diversified classifying standers adopted by many linguisticians. And the thesis analyzes every pronoun in detail from grammatical function and semantic relation, and sums up the characteristics and rules of grammatical function. Interrogative pronouns in Mozi(墨子)is classified as Xia(匣),Shan(禅),Ying(影) according to the phonetic form."He(何)"as a interrogative pronouns appears most abroad, composes"Hedu(何独)","Heju(何遽)","Hebu(何不)","Hebi(何必)"combining with adverbs,"Heyi(何以)","Heyong(何用)"combining with prepositions,"Heq(i何其)"combining with demonstrative pronouns. Foregoing disyllabic interrogative pronouns is characteristic of Mozi(墨子).The pronouns of Mozi(墨子)has system integrity and own characteristic, stands for semantic characteristic and grammatical function of the pronouns in the Warring States Period.