Qingdao Tonal Experimental Study

Qingdao is located in the southeast coast of Shandong Province.Qingdao dialect is in Jiaoliao Mandarin dialect area.This thesis studies the tones of Qingdao dialect by means of acoustic experiments.This thesis is mainly composed of four chapters.The first chapter briefly introduces the syllabary of Qingdao dialect and states the research methods and procedures of the experiments.In the experiments the acoustic analysis is firstly conducted by the sound analysis software—Praat;the acoustic data are then processed by the Praat scripts and Excel software;and finally the five degrees on tones of Qingdao dialect are figured out through F0 normalization on the basis of T-score.The second chapter studies the pitch and duration of the mono-syllable tone. After normalization,the T-score will be transformed to five levels and compared with the traditional descriptions.It is found that there are three main conclusions:(1) Yinping,marked as 445(F)/113(M),is different from the traditional record,and men and women sound slightly differences.And Yangping 51,Shangsheng 55;(2)there is an obviously difference in the melody domain between male and female,the melody domain of the female is higher and wider than that of male;(3)The duration pattern of mono-syllable tone is Yangping＞Shangsheng＞Yinping or Yinping＞Yangping＞Shangsheng.The third chapter studies the pitch and duration of the bi-syllable tone.The acoustic data of bi-syllable tone,such as F0 and duration are normalized after collected.It is found that there are three main conclusions:(1)Qusheng which has disappeared re-emergence.(2)The sandhi mode decided by the first character.And the bi-syllable tone pattern has many same rules:â‘ after Yinping,the former characters will be transferred into 55;â‘¡after Shangsheng,the former characters will be transferred into 41;â‘¢after Yangping,the former characters will be transferred into 55 or 41(the tune don't change when it is after Yinping);(2)The duration pattern of bi-syllable tone is that[Qusheng/Yangping+Yinping]is the longest and [Yangping/Qusheng+Yangping/Qusheng]is the shortest.The fourth chapter studies the pitch,the duration of the bi-syllable tone and the intensity the bi-syllable tone.The acoustic data of bi-syllable tone,such as F0 and duration are normalized after collected.It is found that there are three main conclusions:(1)it depends on different sandhi mode to decide the bi-syllable is neutral tone or not:â‘ [Yinping+nentral tone]:445/113+0â†'41/31+24/23 or 445/113+0â†'53+21â‘¡[Yangping+neutral tone]:51+0â†'35+41â‘¢[Shangsheng+neutral tone]:55+0â†'22+44â‘£[Qusheng+nentral tone]:51+0â†'53+21;(2)the characteristics of the neutral tone in Qingdao dialect:â‘ the neutral tone changes its intrinsic tone into the tone what its former characters decide;â‘¡complete tone;â‘¢length is not shortened;â‘£the intensity is not weakened,namely the neutral tone is not light;(3)the melody domain of the neutral tone is wider and higher than that of bi-syllable tone,especially females' is wider and higher than males'.