Marxist Philosophy Of Practice Existential Turn And Its Contemporary Significance

Basing on the critics and generalization of tradition philosophy, this article illustrates and highlights the critical and overthrowing influences of the Practical Existence Theory of Maxis philosophy on Traditional Abstract Existence Theory and its pioneering contribution to the paradigm shift in the Existence Theory of Contemporary Philosophy. This article is divided into three parts for interpretation and verification:This first part illustrates generalizes and criticizes the course of the continuance and development of the Existence Theory of Traditional Philosophy from the perspective of history. There is original intermediation between the Theory of Existence and the Theory of Survival originated in ancient Greece, But the sense of survival theory of existence theory has lost since the period of Plato. It divorced from the realistic living world and became a purely speculative, transcendental, entities form of philosophy-real or abstract theory of existence. The epistemology of Modern Western philosophy was converted to the form of epistemology philosophy which made the philosophy shift from the form of ancient existence philosophy to the modern epistemology philosophy. Although the form or the focus of philosophy has been transferred, Epistemology still base on modern real existence theory as its philosophical foundation. Owing to the support of intellectuals and transcendental cultural tradition, modern real existence theory has become increasingly hostile to people and its inherent entities and intellectual ways of thinking has already been ingrained in people's inner mind and concepts, becoming an invisible cage influencing and restraining people's thinking and understanding, which resulted in people's incomplete and fragmented recognition of things and people and the people's recognition of things and people becomes limited and extremely one-sided.As a result, cracking the traditions and the inherent barriers of the real existence theory of modern western philosophy, searching and exploiting the way leading to specific, realistic, real people's lives and survivals have become important theoretical subjects the History of Philosophy leave for posterity. From Hegel's objective idealism to Feuerbach's mechanical materialism, then to the practical mechanical materialism, Marxist philosophy had experienced two transferences and found the realistic practices is the basis of the entire living world and the ultimate driving force of the development of history, so as to find realistic theory fulcrum and basis for the creation of Marxist philosophy and the transferences of its practical survival theory.The second part will illustrate that the essence of the transference of the practical survival theory of the transference of Marxist theory is the transformation of ontology, that is to say the revolutionary reform from the traditional abstract ontology to the practice ontology or to the practical survival theory, which made the object of philosophical studies shift from heaven to earth -realistic living world, taking people's practices as the basis of the whole world so as to highlight the meaning of the survival theory of the Marxist philosophy. Comparing with the material ontology, considering the ontology of Marxist philosophy as practical ontology can better overcome the ways of thinking of dualistic antithesis between people and nature, mentality and existence in the traditional philosophy. Only taking the practices as the basis of the whole world can we not consider nature as the counterpart opposing people, but as inorganic "body" of people, or make nature become people so as to confer nature some tint of subject or dominant position and a conversational relationship between people and nature. At the same time, only considering practices as the subject of the entire world can open the social and historical dimensions of Marxist philosophy and people's horizon, and build a harmonious and unified ontological structure among people, nature and society. The ontology and epistemology of Modern philosophy are adhered together. Theoretical structure of ontology is included in the theoretical framework of the epistemology or emerges through the theoretical framework of the epistemology. Owing to the support of intellectuals, the suggestion of the survival theory of ontology has been obscured or cleared up and ontology becomes an adherent theory of epistemology. Marx's philosophy not only abandons the real existent ways of thinking of modern philosophy in the ontology, but also overcome the intellectual ways of thinking in the realm of epistemology. The practical theory throughout the entire system of Marxist philosophy makes the dimensions of the survival theory, originally included in ontology reemerged.The practical survival theory of Marxist philosophy has redeemed people, the historical subject, from the Curse of the "entity", "rational" and "God" and established man's principal position. Meanwhile, it has conferred nature some tint of subject and made nature become the "inorganic body" of people. Therefore, the relationship between people and nature is no longer an external antagonistic relationship, and should be a subject relationship between people. Traditional human-centrism considers human beings as the only, lonely existence while considered nature as the conquest object for human beings and the existence of dissidents. Having defeated the dissidents one after another, people become intoxicated while the god is dead and human's ration expanded to tool ration and technological ration, resulting a series of social crisis and ecological crisis. Therefore, overcoming the Traditional human-centrism and making people no longer the merciless god of "exist" but the preserver of "exist" become the inherent meaning of practical survival theory of Marxist philosophy.The third part reveals and clarifies the relationship between the transference of the practical survival theory of Marxist philosophy and the ontology of modern western philosophy, highlighting the contemporary significance of the transference of the practical survival theory of Marxist philosophy—launch and guide the historical innovation of ontological paradigm of modern philosophy. The essence of various transference of Contemporary and modern Western Philosophy is the transference of the practical survival theory or ontological transference. This transference or transformation attempting to clear up the subjectively and objectively confronted, innate, and arbitrary separation between "the material world" and the "spiritual world" in the traditional philosophy through "living world", destroying the eternal, comfortable and absolute super-sentimental "entities" hidden behind, and pulling back people's vision to the "Living World", can be regarded as a rebel and subversion of philosophical paradigm traditional entity Ontology.That contemporary Western philosophy hasn't really based on the origin of people's life, the realistic practices of human beings, resulted in the antithesis of the two concepts of "living-world", the antithesis between the concept intellectual "living-world" and the concept of meaningful "living-world", interpreting people as the non-rational emotive individual. The "living-world" of Marxist philosophy is the unification of the intellectual "living-world" and the meaningful "living-world", the realistic "living-world", with the interpretation of people as the combination of ration and non-ration, the harmony of individuals and society, practical and emotional individuals under the influences of some social relationships. There is principle difference between the practical survival theory and the ontology of existentialism of Marxist philosophy. On one hand The individual ontology of existentialism of Marxist philosophy lays too much emphasis on subjective will, emotion and experience while neglect people's practical comprehension and the inherent interlinkages and consciousness of Marxist practical philosophy. Therefore, it lacks the indispensable sociality and the overall dimensions of human beings. On the other hand, the theoretical basis of the structure of the ontology of Marxist philosophy is the realistic practices of human beings and the "living-world", generated from the realistic practices of human beings. People's subjective will, emotion, and experience are the very specific demonstrations of the diversified practice activities and they are destined to be comprehended through people's practice activities, which makes the social, historical, open, and inclusive features of the ontological structure of Marxist philosophy become possible and makes Marxist philosophy the metaphysics with a tint of human horizon guiding all the practice activities of human beings and the existent conditions. Clearly, the transference of the survival theory of contemporary Western philosophy hasn't exceeded the scope of the transference of the practical survival theory of Marxist philosophy. the transference of ontology and the transformation of the practical survival theory initiated by Marx are still the unfinished goals of contemporary philosophy, especially of contemporary Western philosophy.