Dimensional, Han Adolescent Friendship And Loneliness, Problem Behavior,

Friendship is vital to individual socialization, especially for adolescents. Close friends and friendship group are the main positive sources of the transition from childhood to adolescence. Good friendship may promote adolescents positive development, and make them enter adulthood successfully. The need for friendship is one of the biggest socialization needs during adolescents. Good friendship can eliminate adolescents'loneliness, promote adolescents master more complicated social skills, the important source for adolescents to gain social support and reliable alliance, friendship experiences can promote formation and development self-concept and healthy personality.Cross-cultural research is an important approach to study the relationship of culture and friendship. Until now, the main cultural category is individualism versus collectivism, and the main cross-cultural research in fact is cross-national research. The definitions of different culture were based on measurement through questionnaires, so the culture was defined by different researchers. This research didn't use any measurement to define culture, and adopted nationality as cultural label directly.Under the framework of cultural differences theory, this research adopted Friendship Quality Questionnaire, Network of Relationships Inventory, Children's Loneliness Scale, aggression and victimization in Class Play and the aggression factor in the Clustering Child Behavior Checklist to measure friendship, and the relationships between friendships and loneliness, aggression, victimization. The subjects are 1168 five-grades, seven-grades, and ten-grades of Uygur and Han nationality from Urumqi. The main conclusions are the followings:1. Friendship Quality Questionnaire and Network of Relationships Inventory were suited to measure Uygur adolescents'friendship quality.2. There were differences between the Uygur adolescents and Han adolescents on friendship quantity and friendship quality. Uygur adolescents'friendship quantities were significantly more than Han adolescents'. Their developmental patterns were different. Uygur adolescents in Grade 7 had more friendship quantities than both 5 or 10 students, However, Han adolescents'friendship quantities increased with the growth of grade. There were no differences between their gender patterns. Both of them were female adolescents have more friendship number than male adolescents. Except annoyance and conflict, other friendship quality dimensions of Uygur adolescents were higher significantly than that of Han adolescents.3. Network of Relationships Inventory was not a good measurement for friendship quality comparing to Friendship Quality Questionnaire.4. There were differences between the Uygur adolescents and Han adolescents on loneliness. Han adolescents had higher loneliness than Uygur adolescents. Their developmental patterns and gender patterns were similar, no grade differences exist and male adolescents'loneliness were higher than female.5. There were differences between the Uygur adolescents and Han adolescents on aggressive behavior; Han adolescents'aggression was significantly higher than Uygur adolescents'. The pattern of gender differences was not significantly differences between Uygur and Han adolescents, and both were boys'aggression level higher than girls. The patterns of aggression by teacher rating showed grade differences between the two nationalities, but didn't show grade differences by peer nomination. Boys'victimization were higher than girls, however, there were no nationality differences on victimization.6. The number of friendships for both nationality adolescents was negative related to loneliness significantly, and it didn't indicate significant nationality differences. Meanwhile, for both nationality adolescents, the positive friendship quality was negative related to loneliness significantly, and the negative friendship quality was positive related to loneliness significantly. Additionally, the relationship patterns were not the same completely by FQQ and NRI.7. The number of friends to have by adolescents was negative related to aggression by peer rating only for Uygur adolescents, and not for Han adolescents. On victimization, the number of friends to have by adolescents was negative related to it for both nationality adolescents. Interestingly, all the dimensions of friendship quality were not strong related to aggression or victimization for Uygur or Han adolescents.