Zhuang, Han Adolescent Friendship Quality, Loneliness, And The Externalization Of The Problem Behavior

As an important level of fellowship, westerners have attached great importance to friendship even since Aristotelian age. Friendship belongs to a voluntary two-way choice relation base on emotion and benefit. It can provide companionship, stimulus, support and intimacy to the individual, which is very important to children's social development. The adolescents who can not found a friendship will often experience the loneliness, and get the serious conduct problem easily. Therefore, development psychologists always pay close attention on the status and influence of friendship in children or adolescents, but sometimes they only considered it on the single cultural background.Actually, friendship pattern differs with different cultural background. The differences of culture can influent individuality's communicational ability and adjust relation between individualities. The Zhuang nationality has the biggest population in the 55 minorities in China. But throughout the history, regions of zhuang nationalities gathering have the fewest conflicts. Thereby, the research on the friendship's peculiarities of Zhuang and Han nationality adolescents, relationship between the loneliness and external problem behavior will benefit the construction of Chinese multi-nationalities harmonious society a lot.This research adopts method of clustering sample, select 802 students of grade 5, 7 and 9 in one high school and three elementary schools in Nanning, the capital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Regional to join the research, and uses the tools such as Friendship Quality Questionnaire, Children's Loneliness Scale, Accompaniers Aggrieve Self Report Questionnaire, class play, and the Clustering Child Behavior Checklist to see about the friendship's quality of Zhuang and Han nationalities'adolescents, the relationship between the loneliness and external problem behavior.Conclusions are as follows:1 In the aspect of friendship quantity and quality, the sex characters and development formers are familiar between Zhuang and Han adolescents. But Zhuang adolescents'amount of choosing each other as friends is more than Han adolescents. The exclusiveness of Han adolescents is obviously higher than Zhang adolescents.2 On loneliness, there is no difference of sex and age, but obvious of the nationalities. Firstly, the loneliness of Han adolescents is notably higher than Zhuang adolescents. Secondly, the loneliness of Han adolescents will be lower and lower when the grades go higher, while the Zhuang adolescents have no the change.3 In the aspect of external problem behavior, all reports from different sources found that boy students have more external problem behavior, but differ in different grades. There is notably difference in Han and Zhuang nationality: firstly, in companion invasion self-reported questionnaire, Han adolescence suffer more, especially invasion of relationship and property; secondly, Han boys suffer more in companion invasion self-reported questionnaire and class play, especially invasion of body.4 Loneliness of adolescents from the two nationalities has a close relation with amount of friends considered being owned and specific amount of friends chosen each other in same or opposite sex, and it can be explained as that the more friends, the fewer loneliness. But it has no close relation with the actual total amount of friends owned.5 Loneliness of adolescents from the two nationalities has a close relation with value advancement, quarrel and confliction, even the exclusion behaviors. The difference is instrumental help of Zhuang adolescence can predict negatively loneliness, but Han can't.6 There is great difference between Zhuang and Han in friendship quantity and external problem behavior relation pattern. The relationship between friend quantity and external problem behavior in Zhuang adolescence isn't clear. But the situation of Han adolescents is more complex. Firstly, amount of friends nominated just has remarkable negative correlation with being aggrieved on accompanier nominated. Secondly, the quantity of mutual elective friend obvious correlates negatively with kinds of external problem behavior from different evaluation sources, affecting external problem behavior in the broadest field. Thirdly, there is an obviously negative correlation between the quantity of mutual elective friend and invasion of companion nomination and teacher's evaluation. Fourthly, the quantity of opposite friend only obviously correlates negatively with external problem behavior by teacher's evaluation.7 There is a great difference on connecting former between friendship quality and external problem behavior, which is that Zhuang adolescents'self report of degree of being aggrieved has an obvious negative correlation in companionship, alliance, enhancement of worth, instrumental help and intimacy, and has an obvious positive correlation with annoyance and conflict. Only the dimensionality of exclusion has an obvious positive correlation with aggression behavior assessed by teachers. In compare, the situation of Han adolescents is more complex. Their self reports of degree of being aggrieved have just three obvious negative correlations with dimensionality of friendship quality which are alliance, enhancement of worth and instrumental help, and have two obvious positive correlations with exclusion, annoyance and confliction. At the same time, it has an obvious negative correlation with instrumental help; moreover the value advancement has an obvious negative correlation with total degree of external problem behavior assessed by teachers. In colligation, the self report of degree of being aggrieved can be doped out by two dimensionality of friendship quality, one of the two dimensionalities in positive direction is companion, annoyance and confliction, and the other in negative direction is instrumental help.