Nuclear Analytical Techniques In The The Yaozhou Tang Dynasty And Black Porcelain

Yaozhou kiln, as an exotic flower in famous kilns of our country, started burning in Tang Dynasty and developed to its peak in Song Dynasty. According to the archaeological materials, Yaozhou kiln produces ceramics with the most colors of glaze in China's ancient pottery . From its beginning in Tang Dynasty, it mainly produces celadon,which takes the lead in the North .In the beginning of Yuan Dynasty , the situation changes significantly. Celadon products have been rough and get worse, while the traditional black porcelain has quietly rising, and until the Republic of China, the traditional black porcelain has never stopped firing, so Yaozhou porcelain has been a hot sector in archaeological research. Yaozhou Tang tricoloris second only to the largest Huangye kiln. The study of the origin of raw materials and firing technology of Tang tricolor has a very important scientific significance.In this paper, proton induced X fluorescence analysis (PIXE) has been used to study elements content of Yaozhou Tang tricolor and black porcelain. Methods of multivariate statistical analysis have also been used to analyse its origin of raw materials; and X ray diffraction instrument has been used to measure the phase composition,and a scanning electron microscope to observe its microstructure. Some conclusions are as follows:Huangye Tang tricolor and Yaozhou Tang tricolor have different fetal origin of the raw materials,while they have respective concentration of fetal origin of raw materials; Huang Ye and Yaozhou kilns have different ceramic prescriptions,even if the glaze is the same; Huangye kiln fires Tang tricolor at a level higher than Yaozhou,and Huang Ye kiln glazes its ceramic at a slightly higher temperature that of Yaozhou kiln.Yaozhou fetal ceramic material may be derived from three different locations. Yaozhou Tang tricolor's origin of the fetal material is relatively concentrated,while black and glazed tile have relatively locations; the relation between Tang tricolor fetal samples and black and glazed tile samples is distant, while the black and glazed tile samples have closer relationship; of the black tile samples, Yongxing Chen furnace samples in Yuan Dynasty and Chenluyuan samples in the Republic of China have their own source of fetal materials, which are relatively concentrated, especially the five black porcelain samples during the Republic of China. Black porcelain origin of fetal materials in Songyan cliff of chen furnace and chenluyuan in Ming and Qing Dynasty are scattered .During the late Ming Dynasty Chen furnace Bay samples and other samples are of more distant relations.Black glaze fetal in Yaozhou kiln all contain mullite and quartz, belonging to clayey,so temperature of 1100℃to 1200℃is needed to make fetal; Yaozhou black porcelain enamel is glass structure; the main component of the glaze is quartz and anorthite, so temperature higher than 1200℃is needed to make enamel.There are many pores on the surface of the black glaze fetal in Yaozhou kiln , and the sintering temperature is between 1100℃and 1200℃; relatively dense microstructure on enamel surface allows low water absorption, and unmelted quartz is contained in the enamel; some anorthite crystal can be found in fetal enamel junction.