Study Of Generation And Aesthetic Value Of The Official Script

The transition from Zhuanshu to Lishu is a Leaping of the Chinese characters'evolution history. From then, Chinese characters lost hieroglyphic trait, broke curved line of ancient writing, and began to enter the modern character's system. As the turning point of the character style'evolution, Lishu has an important position. About the production of Lishu, many scholars have studied in varying degrees, but there are still many problems worthy of further discussion. Therefore, take advantage of the archaeological bamboosilk materials that archaeologies discovered, such as Qingchun mudu, Tianshui fangmatan qingjian, Yunmeng shuihudi qingjian, Houma mengshu, Changsha mawangdui boshu, Juyan hanjian, Wuweihanjian, Dunhuang hanjian, and many described text data, can examine the process of Libian in greater detail, and describe its'stage of every characteristics. Meanwhile, in accordance with the shape and the time that Lishu produced, we also can analyze the relationship between the shape of Lishu and Han culture, and study the aesthetic value of Lishu.From the present research situation, the viewpoint of the time that Lishu produced, approximately spreads between the XI zhou dynasty and the late Zhanguo period, by comparing Houma mengshu, Wenxian mengshu, qingchuan mudu, and such ancient text material with the epigraphy of the late period of Xizhou dynasty, we can see that Lishu germinated between the late Chunqiu period and the early Zhanguo period. As seen by theories of different schools, Jiaguwen, Jinwen, Dazhuan, Xiaozhuan and popular form of characters, and six countries character are both thinked of as the headstream of Lishu. But judging from the historical situation and the situation of the use of the Chinese characters between Chunqiu period and the early Zhanguo period, the headstream of Lishu should be give first place to the popular form of characters of Qin dynasty'Zhuanshu, and also affected by six countries characters. About the product of Lishu, on the basis of historical materials, many people consider that the prison officials and warfare are primary causes. Form Chunqiu period and the Zhanguo period, the development of social culture, educational business, especially the development private education, played a part in the development of literature, the use of characters, and the development of Libian. Meanwhile, wide widespread use of brush pen which had the feature of soft and springiness, provided conditions for writing the strokes which had variation of rhythm. The special shape of bamboo slip, took great facilitation of the stressed undulation and the flat character pattern. In order to save bamboo slip and lose the weight of books, also impelled Lishu continuously to turn into flat square. In a sort of sense, the development of Chinese characters has a law to get to the point of signifying. The simplified design hales of Chinese characters, the line and stroke which fixed step by step, made the Lishu abandon the hieroglyphic symbols of Zhuanshu, and made the symmetry of Chinese characters come ture.The process of Libian was a gradual change, it can be divided into beginning phase, development phase, being perfected phase. From the late Chunqiu period to the early Zhanguo period can regard as the beginning phase. In the late Chunqiu period, Chinese characters kept the style and features of seal character on the whole, but also appeared the tendency of linearization. The Xinyang changtaishan Chujian of early Zhanguo period had simplified the seal character, and turned into hierachical system on the whole, disclosed more information of Libian. From the middle of Warring States period to the early Xi Han dynasty can regard as the development phase. The Qingchuan mudu had free flowing strokes, and had simple structures. with respect to the Zhuanshu, Lishu made a great progress, and made first appearance of Cantou. The tendency of stressed undulation was remarkable, and the strokes of Cantou Yanwei also had some performance. Meanwhile, Chujian also turned up the posture of straightforward strokes, square character pattern and stressed undulation. The careless inscribed writing of Qin dynasty, also a display form Zhuanshu to Lishu. In the early Xi Han dynasty, the Chinese characters exhibited obvious feature of Lishu, and square strokes was the dominant part, the stressed undulation of Pie na and the stroke of Yanwei highlighted more, the script also turned more flat. Form the middle period of Xi Han to the middle period of Dong Han was the perfected phase of Libian, and bamboosilk matured before the stone inscriptions. After the middle period of Xi Han, the structure of bamboosilk characters appeared obvious feature of lateral form, and the the Stroke of Cantou Yanwei had been set up essentially. The stone inscriptions was very prevailing in the period of Dong Han, and the stone inscriptions have completed the process of Libian finally. The canonical Lishu in the period of Dong Han, had shown all the traits of Lishu, such as flat script, Cantou yanwei, obvious stressed undulation, extended free and so on.The maturity of Lishu in the period of Han was connected with the development of education, steady social mentality, aesthetic attitude, many famous calligraphers and theories that appeared in the period of Han. On the one hand Lishu satisfied the demands of use, on the other hand Lishu also gave consideration to the aesthetic attitude. As far as be concerned, Lishu had different aesthetic attitude in every stage. The maturity of Lishu in the period of Liang Han, its flat script, obvious stressed undulation, both emerged the fascination of powerful, cadence, extending. On artistic style, Lishu had different styles in the period of Liang Han. The style of Lishu in the period of Xi Han was openness, natural. While the style of Lishu in the period of Dong Han was elegant, upright.