| The book of Wen-Tzu is one of the masterpieces of the early Taoism School, once experienced harsh stages respectively, the Original Edition, the Combined Edition and the Fake Edition. It was ignored or even omitted by the academics professors or authored historians, what more, rarely was referred to in many well-known historical books and works until the bamboo scripture of Wen-Tzu was found in Dingchow, Hebei Province in 1973. The bamboo scripture improved the Book of Wen-Tzu is real. Wen-Tzu, hence, gained her own position in history where she should stand. Later, a hot wave of studying Wen-Tzu came, bringing a few prestigious works. It's really exacting, but, there still exists many controversial questions to clear, such as the times, the editions and the author. And scrutiny of its ideological theory in system completely is badly needed. Under this situation, my dissertation means to collate time, to clear different editions relations as well as to identify Wen-Tzu again, to summarize and analyze the Taoism Theory of the Book of Wen-Tzu. According to the function of Taoism, here we classify Taoism into three kinds:Nature Principle, Social Principle and Ruling Principle. We will, Comparing with the features of Lao-Tzu's Taoism, summarize Wen-Tzu's Daoism styles. Wen-Tzu emphasizes Taoism is speechless and intangible, and unites the three concepts "Tao","Qi","Yi" into one unit. Wen-Tzu declares "Tao" is "Yi" and "Yi" is the nickname of "Tao". In Wen-Tzu's opinion, "Tao" contains two kinds of "Qi", "Yin" and "Yang", which are able to generate all creatures in the world. Hence, Wen-Tzu concludes that all creatures are the result of "Qi" movement. Wen-Tzu follows the orthodox of the Taoism School in the early Qin period, which applies the Nature Principle into the social activities. Wen-Tzu enrolled "Te" into "Tao", putting that "Tao" and "Te" contain and support each other. "Tao" works as root, while "Te" works in function. "Tao" generates all creatures while "Te" nutrients and feeds them. "Tao" is the general rules of the universe, "Li" functions as the specific principles. Thus, Wen-Tzu combined"Tao","Te" and "Li" together, shining with the brilliant wisdom of humanity. Besides, Wen-Tzu developed Lao-Tzu's and Chuang-Tzu's theories, emphasizing that "wu wei" is based on the consistence with objective principles, advocating using subjective capability of human scientifically and properly, weighing the approaches, viewing the relationship between "wu wei"and "wu bu wei" from both sides. As for individuals, one should get to the "Great Wisdom" by loyalty and sincerity. Then it is possible to know the principles, master them and know how to apply them properly. Further more, this dissertation will compare Wen-Tzu with Lao-Ztu and Chuang-Ztu, to analyze its theoretical originals. For the chapter 3, the first two sections will expose the Wen-Tzu's "Taoism" comparing with Lao-Chuang, further explain the relationship among "Tao","Te" and "Li", study "wu wei" political views as well as how to cultivate and improve oneself. For that matter, the Theory of the Book of Wen-Tzu is deserved from Lao-Chuang, but surpasses and pushes Lao-Chuang's Theories go forward. The last section describes the ties between Wen-Tzu and other academic schools, hoping to positively criticize the Book of Wen-Tzu. The Book of Wen-Tzu is a typical representative of well-melting Taoism School,Confucius School,Law School and so on. Its theory, based on "Tao" merging into other theories, compensates Chinese Ancient Philosophy. To some degree, to get to know or research Wen-Tzu is also to re-recognize and re-study the history of Chinese Ancient Philosophy. So I have nerve to say it is a valuable study and full of great academic significance. |
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