The Influences Of Taoism On Modern Japanese Culture

To view Chinese traditional philosophy, in the history of East Asia culture, is an important topic in Chinese philosophical study. Japan as an important cultural region of Chinese character cultures zone in East Asian, is not only affected by both Buddhism and Confucianism, but also by Taoism. The modern times, as the former contemporary times of Japan, are the key period of its cultural development, and the period of maturity of Japan's acceptance of Taoism, therefore, it is an important thesis to research the relationship between Taoism and Japanese culture, but the current study was weak side and figures . on the basis of the related research, this article is to take macro and micro analysis of the combined approach, with emphasis on inspection of the Japanese modern Confucianism, social critical thinkers, and natural philosopher, economic thinkers and tyounin, the kogaku sindou, literatures and several aspects of representative, which are few research. Through interpretation and analysis of its main relevant texts, This article has found out its ideological link to Taoism ,and has demonstrated its impact content and form affected by Taoism. on that basis, taking the appropriate summarization and integrated effort has created a more holistic, comprehensive view, and revealed the role and change of Taoism thinking in the development of modern Japanese culture.This thesis has divided into eight parts, namely chapter1-7 and chapter Conclusion. Chapter one, It has summarized the accumulations that Taoism effected on the Japanese culture in pre-modern times. It is Mainly divided into " before heian times " and " heian -- muromati times"two historical stages, from"Kenpoujyuunanajyou","Kojiki","Nihonsyoki","Kaifuusou","Manyousyuu"and other Japanese ancient classics, as well as the works of Monk Kuukai in heian times and the five works of Chanseng gozan in muromati times, it has been revealed that Taoism infiltrated to Japanese cultural in before modern times. Such infiltration is not deep overall, but after a long communication process, Taoism has been formed a relatively profound accumulation in Japanese culture.Chapter 2.In this chapter, firstly discusses the historical reason of Taoism in modern times of Japan, and the research Overview of Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu, then takes the school of soraigakuha as an example to discuss what Taoism affected Confucianism in modern times of Japan.In the earlier period of Japanese modern times (17 century earlier), system of bakuhan was more secure, syusigaku was as officials study. After the middle period, the feudal system was of deep crisis, the authority of Zhuzixue gradually lost ,the ideological and cultural fields appeard a division and pluralistic trends, Taoism started by the Japanese unprecedented in the history of the concern, study, absorb and utilize, and Taoism thinking had relatively profound cultural accumulation before modern times, for the development of an Taoism had made adequate preparation.Soraigakuha , a major embranchment of Confucianism in middle times of the Edo period, criticisd Taoism ,as well as attached importance to the study and absorb Taoism thinking. This concentrated its three represents figures Ogiusorai, Tazaisyundai and Hattorinankaku. Ogiusorai ,in the methodology of kobunjigaku, absorbed the thinking in"Chuang Tzu""only thinking instead of statement";As its core theory of the Road theory, he uses the "Road" thinking; In his world theory, he took"rule by doing nothing" as an important supplement. the " St. true ". Tazaisyundai was more attention to the " rule by doing nothing " ,and Proposed and demonstrated what he so called "The theory of rule the ruined nation.". Hattorinankaku's absorption of Taoism,was mainly in his life theory of following "Chuang Tzu," and Proposed "hidden" theory of life.Chapter three.Taking Andousyoueki as an example to discuss the impact of Taoism to social critical thinkers, Andousyoueki was the anti-feudal peasant representatives in the Edo period, there was a real difference between his thinking and Zhuzixue, soraigakuha and other Confucianism. Although severely criticized Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu as "not giving food", but to borrow the ideas of Taoism. Theory in the universe nature, he proposed "everything from only one truth" and "live really at a stretch", interlinked the thinking of "Chuang Tzu," "Heaven and Earth at a stretch", "Road links to one"; In the social and life theory, Taoism effects on him was more pronounced. He pointed out that the saints and their "private law" ( "four civilian " hierarchical system and "five virtues" moral) is "the root of all the evils,"It is just as the same root of"abandon the saints and wisdom"of "Chuang Tzu", this can be said with the "I", "absolutely Saint of Knowledge", of "big mobsters are not killed until the saints are dead"of Lao Tzu . His "straight grain, straight net, no disable for immoderate clothing and food, act as the same step of the nature,"of "natural world",is extremely similar with "a small country with few civilians" and "the most moral world".the antagonistic social criticism way between "natural world" and the "Law World ", came from the thinking pattern, on the "natural" position of Taoism,to look at the reality of society, and their "real man" ideal personality, also from the "Chuang Tzu".Chapter 4.Respectively, taking Kaihoseiryou and Isidabaigan as example to discuss the effects of Taoism on economic thinkers and tyounin. In the face of Japanese rapid development of the commodity economy, Kaihoseiryou as the economic thinkers, from the standpoint of Fan governance,was sure of it, thus, formed his emphasizing commercial thinking opposition to emphasising agricultural thinking ,"reasons" and "intellectual" is the theoretical basis of his economic thinking. Kaihoseiryou thought " Lao Tzu is really Confucian", it is a "growing smart" book, and absorb the thinking of Lao Tzu. His "reason" concept is based on the interpretation of "Road", with the "Road" and " character, and his "intellectual" means "from nature's law" and " not from subjective action, is actually"doing nothing"of Lao Tzu, growing smart approach is "trivial" and "quiet." In the socio-economic theory, Kaihoseiryou proposed socio-economic management principle "rule as the law", "opinionated, non-pretentious, regardless of guarding excessive" and the "encouragement of the arts" incentive measures through incentives "to see the natural" and "not scold civilians, not enforced to the decrees of law", to realize community management objectives of making civilian"forgotten" , absorbed "inaction" and "natural" and "forgotten" of Taoism and also cited the theory of the relationship between King to his fellow civilians of " Lao Tzu " to discuss economic theory.of the wealth on the state and civil ,and tax flows balance. In short, Kaihoseiryou absorbed " Lao Tzu " basilicly, even more,exerted and rebuilt it.Chapter five. Taking Miurabaien as an example to discuss the impact of Taoism to the natural philosophers. Miurabaien Japanese Garden is a natural philosophy representative who relatively superseded traditional school boundary, his philosophy absorbed the ideological of Taoism immensely. Theory in the universe, came from the "mysterious" thinking that comes from the Taoism, especially directly from the "Chuang Tzu." He regarded "black" specific understanding "of the one vigor of a mysterious," assembled"biochemica categorized of the universe"as " a vigor of specialists" and played the "Chuang Tzu," "links to the world at a stretch" and, his universe law was also affected by the thinking of"reason"of "Chuang Tzu," In epistemology, " To watch the world "of awareness goals of Miurabaien, "the integration" method of cognition,are all variably absorbed Taoism thinking, in particular,what his thinkings"everything is equal", criticizing human compete by "a world of right and wrong",are the copy of"Chuang Tzu". In addition, as a natural philosopher, in the life theory, he also followed "Chuang Tzu," seeking the realm "with her creative assimilation" and "forgotten and specialists".With the rapid development of commodity economy, the Japanese " tyounin " (living in urban businessmen and artisans) class rise, Shitianmeiyan and the psychology campaign he inaugurated are the representatives of systematical and theoretical thinking of tyounin. Shi Tian was sure that Taoism help people awake from the "mud in the saints statements "but not know saints "entity", and he was affected by the thought emphasizing meaning but not linguistic (writing, academic, etc.), , emphasizing the understanding of the "mind ", obtaining " mind" and "not stick saints statements."Chapter six.Taking kogakusindou as an example of the nation to discuss Taoism impact on Japanese national religious. Shinto is Japan's inherent national religion, kogakusindouas is the ancient theory of the highest degree of patterns Shinto, Japan'sand the biggest influence Shinto factions. Ancient Shinto took drastic exclusion of foreign cultural and held that t seeking "Japanese spirit."in the ancient classics. In the thought of Japan Ancient Shinto representatives Keityuu, Kamonomabuti, Motoorinorinaga, There were evident absorption of Taoism.In the thought of Keityuu, "Chuang Tzu," not things, the pursuit of the "bamboos" philosophy of life and the Fresh ,the most expensive , " Lao Tzu "; Kamonomabuti was clearly sure that "follow the world are qualified to the world of the Road" of " Lao Tzu ", and said that Japan Shinto was entirely "natural", "follow the Road ",this point is basically coordinated with Taoism. As a "Japanese spirit," he advocated "sincere" and "weakness,". He called "sincerely", accumulate merit through natural world is really the heart of it, and is the same as "truthfulness" and "real nature""Chua n ng Tzu". As "weekness",is apparently from the " Lao Tzu ". As the completed person of the ancient Shinto, Motoorinorinaga is the most drastic exclusion of karagokoro ,but still affected by Taoism thinking. He acknowledged " Shinto is very similar with Taoism," affirmed its "aversion wisdom, respected natural," he criticized the Confucian ethical for the hypocritical nature, no "artificial good -" and "corruption of", no violation of the natural feelings and desires, "sincerely", and Taoism theoretical result is different, but their focuses and methods are consistent.Chapter seven .Taking Matuobasyou and Issaityozan as examples to discuss the effects of Taoism on modern Japanese literature. many figures and works had emerged in the modern literature, which are close to Taoism. Matuobasyou ,as a literature landmark representatives in Japan Edo literature ,occupies an important position in the history of Edo literature, he proposed "With luck, and as Friends of the four seasons". In ideological content and language form, is approach to "Chuang Tzu," "people with creative persons, and travel between heaven and earth one gas", "Chuang Tzu" became his life and literary spiritual support. Taoism also had a great effect on Japanese popular literatures, Issaityozan is their representative. Issaityozan proposed "Chuang Tzu is the other school of St. doors " Chuang Tzu view. in an attempt to turn the ideas "Chuang Tzu" into Confucianism system. He interpreted following ones luck of "Chuang Tzu" "living as the "natural", and then explain it to settle society position, which makes "living as the "natural the life" of"Chuang Tzu" and the existing social system the coordinated ideas, This reflects citizens class at that time sought for the psychological sense of stability in the existing social system .Conclusion .It has explored that the role and change of Taoism in modern cultural development in Japan. The role are mainly in the following five aspects : Firstly, as a theoretical basis to construct natural philosophy. Taoism, particularly the basic thinking way on the universe of "Chuang Tzu", in Miurabaien philosophy, plays structural and even philosophical leading role. "natural", "truth" and "Tao" such unique profound ideas of Taoism construct the philosophy of Andousyoueki the basic tone. Secondly, as ideological weapons of social and cultural criticism. from the "natural" concept starting to survey social reality, it is contructed the basic framework of social and cultural criticism of Andousyoueki.i.e, from the "natural world",to examine, criticize and supersed "law World." Taoism provides critical way of the cultural ancient Shinto model ,that is,criticizes Confucianism the "sincere" distortions, and makes the natural path without artificial. In the Edo period, it was universal that using the ideas of critical spirit of Taoism. Thirdly, as an important part of political and economic thinking. Taoism "rule by doing nothing" concept into the thought of Ogiusorai and Tazaisyundai ,and gradually have been strengthened, in the Kaihoseiryou economic, was transformed into socio-economic management principles and strategies. Fourthly, as a life ideal realm. "Chuang Tzu,"on "spirit" and "Tour" has infiltrated Various fields and levels of the Japanese modern culture ,and constitute the major concepts of civilian life. Fifthly, the development of wisdom as the ideological resources. " Lao Tzu,"on "inaction" , "humble" , "static" and so on, through the interpretation of Kaihoseiryou on the eye of wisedom, as an engine system to .growing wisdom .Taoism has gone through three changes in Japanese modern times: Firstly,the hidden character. Taoism has penetrated Various fields and levels of the Japanese modern culture ,but few recipients clearly recognized that they absorbed Taoism, some of them even held fierce criticism attitude; Secondly, the combination of Taoism and Confucian .In modern times of Japan ,came out a combination of Taoism and Confucianism, formed the combination of Taoism and Confucian thought patterns of cultural phenomenon. Both social and historical reasons, but also reflects the Japanese culture flexible attitude to the foreign culture; Thirdly,for Japan. Taoism,in the Japanese culture, was "translated" to a Japanese character in the "Japan-based."For example. the conception "natural" of Taoism has undergone such a "Japanese affiliation."...