Development Of Party Politics In Japan After The End Of On The "fifth System"

After the World WarⅡ,as the defeated country, Japan has been becoming a modern democracy country which was supported and transformed by the United States with democratization and demilitarization policy. 1955 system has been shaped during the development process of party politics of Japan, characterized by predominance of Liberal Democratic Party(LDP) and competition between the conservative and the innovative.LDP had been in power for 38 years and played an important role in rapid development of economic and social affairs in Japan,but some problems have been always existed as well, like timocracy,bureaucracy and faction Politics.1955 system was terminated in Jun, 1993, as Waterloo between Liberal Democratic Party(LDP) and Social Democratic Party (SDP) in Congress and LDP becoming opposition.The political parties in Japan have changed a lot after the termination of 1955 system.Japan's political situation has come through three stages: temporary united domination among small parties,united domination led by LDP, and the development and domination of Democratic party(DP).The Japan's political system has also been changing as the variation of power and relationship among political parties. With the implementation of first-past-the-post and proportional representation system,development of civil society, enlargement of middle voters, and efforts by Ichiro Ozawa and other politicians, LDP and DP guild the Japan's political situation. But LDP and DP can not be in power alone as seats in the parliament is not enough or other reasons, each of them need to unite other parties to be in power. This particular party system——Two-dominant-party system has been gradually formed.From 1993 to now,besides Two-dominant-party system, Japan's party politics has been emerging other new features as follows. Japan's political power was changed so frequent that the average term of Prime Minister was less than two years.Faction Politics has been weakened as mid-size constituency system was abolished and faction's ability to raise capital was cut down and dominant one party system was not existed.Media Politics has been strengthened as the role of media has become more and more important. The competition between the conservative and the innovative has transformed to conservatism as power of the innovative was weakened and two camps of the conservative has been formed.The power of bureaucracy was also declined because of continuous administrative reform,especially affairs minister joint conference, which existed above one hundred years, was ceased.It indicate that bureaucracy-led politics is transforming to politician-led politics in Japan. Japan's party politics will develop and evolve constantly with progress of political practice.