Comparison Of Immigration Policies Between China And India

The international migration in the era of globalization is much more frequent and is becoming one of the most important issues which are focused by academic circles and political circles worldwide. It’s no doubt that international immigration is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it imports foreign labors especially the high-end scarcity talents and provides the chance to promote the development of the economy. On the other hand, it brings great challenges for social governance even for national security of the country as well. At present, the European refugee crisis is growing in intensity. Therefore, how to balance or solve the problems caused by international immigration with the better immigration policy has become an important agenda which needs to be considered by all countries in the new circumstances.As the emerging developing countries, China and India with the largest population and the second largest population in the world respectively are transforming to both emigration and immigration countries from the traditional immigration net export countries due to changes of political and economical environment as well as population structure. On account of the large population bases and fast developing economy, they have been viewed to be the important participants and key roles in the international immigration system by the international communities.Both China and India share the similar national conditions, such as the demand of economic development, the reality of population pressure and the misgivings of national security, so the institutional arrangements and policy initiatives they made for international immigration are worth of discussion and comparison, which is of great theoretical and practical significance.This paper compares and studies the immigration policies of China and India by analytical hierarchy process and comparative analysis method from the macro, meso and micro levels. Immigration policies text and measures of these two countries are mainly analyzed from the perspectives of their status quo, directionality and effect, etc.In chapter 2, From the macroscopic point of view namely legal systems and administrative systems on immigration of China and India, the paper lists the legal system on immigration under the socialism with Chinese characteristics from Provisional Rules on Entry and Residence of Foreign Nationals made in the early days after the foundation of the People’s Republic of China to Law of the People s Republic of China on Administration of Exit and Entry in 21 century and the immigration administrative system with public security department as the core and assistance of many other departments; and a series of regulations and laws of India chiefly with Passport (Entry into India) Act and Foreign Act and the administrative system made with the National Immigration Agency and Department of Foreign Affairs as the main managing organizations. Then, based on the comparison of legal systems and administrative organizations on immigration between China and India, summarizes the different historical characteristics and system problem which is less systemic, normative and prospective.The paper shows visa and check policy which regulate immigration entry and exit from the aspect of meso-level in chapter 3 and focuses on visa type, convenience measures and rights and obligations of entry and exit of the two countries to carry on the analysis. After comparing the differences and similarities of immigration policies between China and India on visa and entry-exit check policy, it concludes the value orientation that authority-orientated politics is higher than right-oriented politics and national security appeal is prior to the opening of economy and society.The embodiment of immigration policy of both China and India in illegal immigration management is presented and the characteristics and the cruxes of policies on it are analyzed with cases in chapter 4 of the paper. After reviews the immigration policies of China and India after analyzing the status quo of their immigration especially illegal immigration, the thesis finds the differences in the formation and execution of immigration policies between China and India in different international and regional environments and different domestic politic structure and agenda, and puts forwards expectations for fundamental conceptual problems in immigration policies of China and India.