| The article aims to study and analyze how to develop primary education in Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region in those poverty-striken areas under extremely poor physical environment, on the research perspective of revolution, profession and security. Selecting the primary school teachers as subjects, the study focuses on the source, teaching activities, and daily lives of the primary school teachers in Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, thus we can have a clear understanding about the great responsibilities assumed by primary school teachers in Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region societies.Firstly, this article tends to explore the sources of the primary school teachers, in other words, where the primary school teachers come from in Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region during the Anti-Japanese War. The primary school teachers in northern Shaanxi Soviet Area are the original sources in the Agrarian Revolutionary War. In order to develop the primary education, the government of the Border Region took various measures, such as training new teachers, attracting foreign intellectuals, and striving to remold the senior faculties. Although the primary school teachers come from different places, they, to some extent, helped to solve the problem of the lack of teachers and resources.Secondly, the article tries to analyze the pedagogical activities of primary school teachers and discusses some activities about how they motivated students and how to manage teaching activities etc. The teachers took several measures to improve the text books and attached great importance to perfect the teaching materials in order to enhance the quality of teaching. At the same time, Primary school teachers put emphasis on improving the managing methods and they combined lecturing, tutoring,discussing and self-teaching together. They also adopted the method of self-management by students themselves. The teaching and managing activities in this period gave expression to great mission undertook by the teachers. Primary teaching activities, reflecting the faculty of revolutionary play.Thirdly, the article stresses on the sources of the educational funding and explores ways to guarantee the livelihood of the teachers. In order to keep the teaching activities running smoothly, the government of the Border Area called upon the local people to donate money and materials to supplement educational fees of primary schools, embodying the combination of. The consultative council of theBorder Region passed the bill of improving the material life of the primary school teachers, which not only improved the social standard of the teachers but was also easy to form the social atmosphere of showing respect to teachers and attaching great importance to education. Guarantee the basic livelihood, not only to improve the social status of teachers, but also the formation of a social atmosphere of respecting teachers.Finally, the article expounds how to improve the teaching skills of the faculties and build up rational faculties. It also summarized qualities of the primary school teachers through detailed statistics. They improved their teaching skills through further studies and learning from models, etc. The article also analyzed the process of recruitment, assessment and dismissal. The government of the Border Area formulated and enacted some regulations and laws to strengthen the teaching staff.The education department of the Border Region organized summer training courses for the purpose of reinforcing the professional training of the primary school teachers.Primary school teachers in Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region are the microcosm of the intellectuals during the New Democratic Revolution period. The living condition and the self-cultivation of the primary school teachers were closely related to teaching effect. In the revolutionary era, Primary school teachers not only meant a job, but they also bear the great mission and the responsibilities. |
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