The Environment Of China's National Innovation System And Its Creation

In the early 1990s, National Innovation System (NIS) which is a referential framework of analyzing and understanding innovating activities from the point of system theory was introduced to our country, and then called upon wide attention in our government administrative departments and academic circles. NIS refers to a complicated social system that propels innovating, and is formed by the mutual interaction of domestic departments and organs. According to this kind of comprehension, although, before that, it was hard to say that our country's innovating system had been studied theoretically and practically from the full sense of NIS. In fact, since the founding of New China in 1949, the activities that are essentially similar to NIS have been advancing continuously. Owing to over 50 years' construction, especially since the reform and opening-up, our NIS has begun to take shape .NIS has brought it's immense functions into play while it was used in promoting Chinese science and technology integrating with economy, and in utilizing it's functioning effect to promote Chinese transition from traditional social structure to a modern one. Meanwhile, it is seen that during the moving process of NIS, it's defects of structure and functions are obvious and deep. The defects include both unreasonable arrangement of interior organization of NIS and exercise ineffective building of social environment of NIS. NIS is a complicated social system, so it has some essential features of a system. Environment has two opposite effects and inputs: active and advantageous input, negative and disadvantageous input. The two effects can all stamp the formation, features, actions and functions of the system with the brand of the environment, which is called the environment's molding function to the system. So, I think, one major side of perfecting NIS lies in portraying social environment, which helps exert the functions of NIS. This paper defines three basic variables of social environment of NIS, which are environment of intellectual resources, social institutional environment, social and cultural backgrounds. Environment of intellectual resources is the basis on which the functions of NIS are realized; social institutional environment is the security for NIS to sustain regular function; social and cultural backgrounds is the premise by which the functions of NIS are exerted. Our nation is a developing country in the period of transformation from traditional planned economy to socialist market economy, so there are many factors that limit the realization of the functions of NIS in our social environment. For example, unbalance effect on environment of intellectual resources, social transforming effect on social institutional environment and the less developed effect on social and cultural backgrounds. These require us to portray social environment, which helps adjust structure and exert the functions of NIS from exploiting intellectual resources, transforming government's obligation and executing institutional innovation, and pushing cultural building of innovation.