| The Post is a kind of communication methods with physical media. Postal enterprises service in the communication market, transport market and finance market, and are vital in the social economic life because of their importance and universality. The attributions of physically delivering, network connecting and public product are important peculiarities of postal services. Universal postal service is another unique trait of postal services, which is the core and foundation of postal services. Almost all Governments in the world supervise the postal market, and entitle national postal enterprises the privilege to monopoly in certain degree and scope. Pushed by rapid development of communication technologies and new business rules, worldwide reforms were launched in postal fields since 1980's.During the reform and open of China, the postal industry in China have earned great achievements supported by the Government and pulled by market demands. The process can be divided into 3 phases. The first phase is from the beginning of 1980's to the end of 1980's. Supported by favorable policies from the Government, the postal industry increased investments into infrastructures constructing and innovated the operation management system, which regenerated the postal industry by entitling enterprises, more freedom. The second phase is from the beginning of 1990's to 1998. From the beginning of 1990's, competition in the post market became more and more intense, encumbered with low service level, market shares occupied by postal enterprises decreased rapidly. Some services.portfolio began to drop down. To conquer the inferior, the China Post started to innovate operation system to improve operating effectiveness. In 1992r the former Ministry of Post&Telecommunication (MPT) prepared to peel the post off the joint management system, which was performed by 3 steps. The third phase is after 1998, when the China Post was been separated with the China Telecommunication. The China Post began to develop by itself. The Government asked the China Post to eliminate its red ink in 5 years. After then, the China Post emphasize on how to increase revenues and how to save costs. The China Post have succeeded in fulfilling the financial plan in 1999 and 2000. However, those basic problems bothering posts, including withering main portfolio and low service level, were not solved substantially. The present conditions and reform policies can not make sure the the sustainable development strategy of the China Post can be realized.After 1996, the portfolio of main postal services began to fall, especially the core services, such as mail service, parcel, etc. The intense competition and ascending prices can account the decline, but the low service level is the main reason. Becauseof subsidies from telecommunication sectors before 1998, which lead to flexible budget restrain, the operating cost of post sectors increased quickly, so as to the red ink. Owing to despise to post sectors, the invest scale and effectiveness was not regarded. Because of inadequate investment and b bureaucratic style, the postal service level was lower and can not meet market demands. Just like other public industries, the China Post relapses into a vicipus circle: withering portfolios leads to deficit, which induces lower investing level. Low investing level leads to low service level, which influences the portfolios.Analysis on revenue structure of 1990's shows that the proportion of mail, parcel, newspaper&magnize delivering service was declining rapidly, while that of postal saving and philately increasing dramatically. The gap induced by different relative speeds of postal services resulted in underlying policy background, which is emphases on revenue, neglect on effectiveness. However, because of the risks in development of postal saving and philately service, their high proportion will stunt the China Post.The low effectiveness brought by excess investment in basic infrastructure and lack of basic control and management systems not only increase cost... |
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