| Since the 1990s, General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) has reduced the customs greatly. All the people are looking forward to the prospect of international trade with full confidence after the foundation of World Trade Organization (WTO). But the trade protectionism hasn't diminished, and the more powerful barriers-Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) are growing secretly. According to the regulations of WTO, it is the obligation of its membership to inform the TBT committee before they carry out TBT and SPS. The statistical figure shows that there has been more and more members of WTO inform the TBT committee that they would put TBT or SPS into effect. The number of TBT cases increased to 846 in 1997 from 389 in 1995, and then remained 600 yearly. The number of SPS cases grew from 198 in 1995 to 772 in 2001, remaining an ascending trend.The TBT cases almost cover every industry, however they mainly focus on mechanical and electrical products, agricultural products, food products and chemical products. The total number of TBT cases between 1995 and 2001 in developed countries is 2429, while the number in developing countries is 1892. But there have been more TBT cases in developing countries than in developed countries since 1999.Nowadays, TBT has become the most important protective means in international trade, which harms the healthy development of our foreign trade seriously. Analyzing the manifestation and restraint impact of TBT in international trade accurately will not only accelerate the internationalization process of China's economy, but also prompt the utilization of foreign capital, technique and experience effectively.The thesis introduces the formation and development of TBT firstly.Secondly, it analyzes its manifestation and features. Then it studies the advanced experience of developed countries. At last, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to build up the TBT system of our country. The thesis is divided into four chapters.Chapter One introduces the concept of TBT and reviews its developing process briefly. There is social and technical background for the formation of TBT. The quality of product has become more and more important with the development of economy. In order to guarantee the quality, all the countries make a lot of technical standards, recognition system, and what's more, they also make special regulations to avoid the environmental pollution. Furthermore, the Trade Protectionism improves the TBT objectively. It is the specific background that determines the characteristics of TBT. For the great impact of TBT on international trade, GATT and WTO make Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade and Agreement on the Implementation of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures to regulate it, in which the main content is confined to technical regulations and standard, inspection, phytosanitary system and green barriers.Chapter Two focuses on the TBT system of developed countries such as EU, America and Japan. As the first countries to recognize TBT, EU has a history of the TBT system for several decades. They have built a unique managerial department, and made a lot of indexes according to the general regulation. They have also made detailed regulations of the second-hand products besides the formal ones. EU is a nations' union, so there is trade not only between its memberships, but between its membership and non-membership. For the difference of technical level and technical standard between its memberships, there is TBT in the inner trade inevitably. In order to diminish the TBT between its memberships, EU has made a set of regulatory documents to guarantee the trade between them, which made satisfactory achievements in practice. There isnot great difference of TBT system between America and EU, for America is a unique country but not a nations' union, so its TBT system seems to be relatively simple.Chapter Three analyzes the effect of TBT on our export, and puts forward some suggestions. The TBT is not only an impulse but also a hindran... |
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