| Rural Credit Cooperatives (RCCs) has developed for more than 50 years in China, spread throughout the countryside and dedicated too much to Chinese national and rural economic developing. However, in recent years, owing to its problems in its capital, property rights, managerial system, operational direction and financial risks, RCCs has fallen into a desperate situation and must be reconstructed. Due to its obvious planning and administrating features, and its particular external institution background of Chinese economic structure reform from planning system to marketing mechanism, the reform model of Chinese RCCs must be distinguished from any other Rural Cooperative Finance (RCF). Therefore, to analyze the RCCs features and its external economic background, and to probe the reforming and developing road of RCCs in the socialist marketing economy, are of great theoretical and realistic significance.Based on the cooperative economy & finance theory and cooperative principles, accompanied with adoption of the theories of property rights and institution transition in neo-institutional economics as analytic tool, this paper tries to demonstrate that the target of RCCs reform is to establish the RCF with Chinese characteristics and to put forward the scheme and way to reform.The paper consists of five chapters:1. The first chapter systematically elaborates Cooperative Institution, introducing its concept, its principles, its difference from share-holding institution; and explaining the Cooperative Finance, expounding its definition, its features, its history of setting-forth and developing, and its economic functions.2. The second chapter introduces the situation of oversea RCF, mainly of Germany, USA and French, including their structures, managing system, and respective features etc.; Moreover, points out that each has its own characteristics because of its different national condition.3. Chapter 3 reviewing the history of RCCs of China, points out that RCCs can't be regulated by Cooperative Institution on account of not shaping the cooperative spirit and not sticking to the basic cooperative principles. (The basic cooperative principles includes joining and withdrawing voluntarily, managing democratically, aiming to provide financial service members and not pursuing profit merely etc.) Then, it analyzes RCCs' social & economic background, it's institutional structure, its model and peculiarity of institution transition, and suggests a model for the reform of RCCs targeting at making it a marketing body.4. Chapter 4 illustrates that the causes of the problems restraining RCCs developing (these problems including its little capital, indefinite property right, imperfect self-control & -incentive mechanism, and bad external environment etc.), lie in the institutional contradictions of RCCs and the lack of the superstructure sustaining & the government supporting. To solve these problems in reality, as well as to meet the needs of farmers, agriculture & countryside and to cultivate the middle- & small-scale non-state-owned financial institutes, it's necessary to set up the structure of Rural Cooperative Finance. There are two steps to establish that structure: on one hand, to reform the basic institutes of RCCs orienting to the market; on the other hand, to establish its superstructure.On the reform of basic institutes of RCCs, the key is to reorganize their ownership structure, so as to settle other problems, such as adding capital, shaping mechanism of self-control &-incentive etc., relying on the perfect property right institution. Due to RCCs being short of capital, cooperative spirit and institutional foundation of democratic management, it expounds that it's impossible to regulate these basic units by cooperative institution, and necessary to reconstruct them by all models of share structure, which greatly benefits the national and rural economic increase & development.On the establishment of RCCs' structure, it elaborates that government should supply the initial capital to set u... |
PDF Full Text Request