Review Of The Hunan Agricultural Cooperative Movement

Cooperative transformation of agriculture movement was a grant socialist transformation which changed the land ownership by cultivator into collective ownership and built up socialist system in the rural area . Both the experience and lessons learned from the movement were the valuable wealth of the Chinese Communist Party . Generally speaking, there were two unbalanced developmental trends which were left and anti-left , at last the left won ,which led to the result of over-rush requirement , over-careless work , over-fast change, over-simple and over-unified form in the later stage. The cooperative transformation of agriculture in Hunan province was part of the whole movement. It was directed by the spirit and policy of the Chinese central government and also experienced the success of the former stage and the failure of the later. By studying on it, we can get a glance at the whole movement's grant success and the inevitable failure of the later stage, meanwhile it set a solid historical foundation for the tremendous changes in Hunan rural area after the third National Congress of the 11th and it can be used as reference for the economic and political structures reform in Hunan rural area in the new stage.The thesis consists of three parts.1. The first stage of Hunan rural cooperative movement and its characteristics. Hunan rural cooperative movement is divided into two phases. The first phase can be further subdivided into three stages.Spring of 1951-Oct.1953: made sure the rapid restoration and development of producing mainly by amply taking advantage of the active rural individual economy supplemented by mutual aid and cooperation. By the end of April in 1952, land reform was regarded as the central work, the working enthusiasm of individual peasants wasstimulated and mutual aid and cooperation was used as means of dealing with producing difficulties. In the following eight months, the center of the rural work was to stabilize the producing mood of individual peasants and make sure restoration of producing. In 1953, the government put producing at the center and fought against right and left deviation in view of small-peasant economy.Oct. 1953-end of 1954: restricted the enthusiasm of individual economy with producing as the center and mutual aid and cooperation as the major way of developing producing.End of 1954-July 1955: by policy, put mutual aid and cooperation at the center, in practice, stressed the impossibility of deviating from developing producing.2. The later stage of Hunan rural cooperative movementIt refers to the time period from July 55 to 1956 when the cooperative movement came to an end. In this stage, cooperation under the pressure of guideline directly from Chairman Mao, became the overwhelming work center.3. Experience and lessons of Hunan rural cooperative movementBy analyzing the movement, one can easily find out that the key difference between success and failure depends on whether productivity was regarded as the central work. The success of the former stage came from our basing ourselves on the real situation and our tight grasp of developing producing to ensure the implementation of mutual aid and cooperation. The direct reason for the failure of the later stage was the pressure of guideline from Chairman Mao which was based on the traditional culture and reflected our limited socialist cognition. It deviated mutual aid and cooperation from the center of producing broke it away from the reality, brought the rush attitude towards work to our work.