| The past years have witnessed the more and more significant role played by economic structure in economic development. It has been generally accepted that economic development includes not only quantitative growth, but also structural upgrade which is an important sign of economic development.Economic structure can be influenced by many factors among which the innovation of knowledge and technology is the most important one. The Long Wave Theory reveals the significant function of innovation in structural adjustment. Because of "the cluster of innovations", the economy does not develop proportionally, leading to a fundamental change in economic structure. A long wave includes two stages: innovation stage and cost competition stage. In the first stage, innovations dominate the economy, and the wave-leading products are in short supply, which causes the boom of new industries. The innovation countries' economic structure changes sharply, and economy grows rapidly. In the second stage, innovations diminish gradually and the leading country has to take a new round of structural adjustment, while some backward countries with competition potentiality emerge rapidly through producing the leading products at low cost.At present, different countries have different adjustment tasks because they are in different stages of the long wave.Since the advent of knowledge economy, the foundation of comparative advantages has changed. The importance of knowledge and technology rises while the importance of natural resources drops relatively. The vertical labor division based on natural resources will be replaced by the horizontal labor division based on knowledge. Information industry draws close attention of most countries, and becomes the focal point of investment. The information technology has produced a number of new industries, transformed the traditional industries, and made them merge gradually. Information industry will grow to be one of the basic industries of the economy in the future. The world economy is brewing some new leading industry which will lead the world economy to a new round of rapid growth. Nowadays the great role of multi-national corporations can't be ignored. In fact, the economic globalization is the process of a worldwide structural adjustment carried out mainly by multi-national corporations. The competition front has been pushed to research and development (R&D) fields, and China has become one of the destinations to which research and development organizations are transferred. This creates an opportunity for China to upgrade its industrial structure.In China, the most serious problem is structural imbalance which results from the history, natural resources and economic systems. All the structural problems point to the industrial structure. So the adjustment of the industrial structure is the key to solving China's structural problems.According to the above analyses of the world economy trend and China's economic structure problems, we can find a way to fulfill the adjustment of economic structure: by the transnational transference of new technology we can develop high-tech industry based on information technology, which will support the transformation of traditional industries and the development of marine economy, and the industry transference between the western China and the eastern China will make room for the new industry, enhance the ability of the west zone to develop more actively, and then make it possible for the west and the east to share the horizontal labor division which can eliminate the disparity between them fundamentally, and at the same time, the industry transference can produce a lot of opportunities which will attract rural labors and accelerate the urbanization process. This thesis tries to make some breakthrough in the following aspects.Comparative advantage is the advantage in opportunity cost which stems from many factors. Comparative advantage, absolute advantage and scale economy are coherently consistent in terms of opportunity cost.At... |
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