The Formation Of Beijing's Multi-ownership Economic Structure (1978-1988)

After the founding of New China,the country's ownership structure has undergone a process of a spiral rise.Before the reform and opening up,Due to the dogmatic understanding of Marxism,influenced by the Soviet model,and for a long period of time being constrained by the idea of "Left",the CPC thought that planned economy is socialism and excludes commodity economy and market rules,it is believed that the larger the public ownership structure is,the better the public ownership is,resulting in the coexistence of the five economic components in the early days of the founding of New China,which continued to “transition” and “upgrade”,and eventually became a single public-owned economic structure.Distribution according to work is also alienated to equalitarianism.Since the beginning of the reform and opening up,with the liberation of thougt and economic development,thanks to the encouragement of multiple business methods,the development of multiple economic forms,and the mobilization of multiple initiatives,a variety of economic components have undergone a process from limitation to promotion.After a decade of breakthroughs and developments,the collective economy,individual economy,foreign trade economy,joint-stock economy with a variety of economic components,and the statutory private economy which broke the single public ownership structure and initially formed a co-existing economic pattern with public ownership as the main body and multiple forms of ownership.40 years of reform and opening up,the co-existing economic pattern has promoted the rapid development of China's productive forces and the rapid increase in the overall national strength.Focus on the recovery and rise of various economic components from 1978 to 1988,it has important theoretical,historical and practical significance to sum up the theory of socialist ownership,improve the basic socialist economic system and the socialist market economic system.From 1978 to 1988,The rise and development course of the various economic forms in urban and rural areas of Beijing showed obvious characteristics.A variety of joint production responsibility systems and the placement of unemployed young people have created conditions and provided impetus for the rise of the collective economy and the recovery of the individual economy.Starting from the actual situation,exploring the “the way of Beijing suburbs” of the innovation and development of the collective economy,and promoting the rural industrialization of township and village enterprises,it has strongly promoted the rise of rural collective economy in the outskirts of Beijing.The problem of "milk difficulty" that has attracted national attention and its solution process have demonstrated the reform and exploration of the state-owned economy.Ten years after the reform and opening up,the reform of the commercial circulation system,the financial management system and the street management system had a great influence on the development of the individual economy.The first joint venture car company and joint venture hotel marked the beginning of the foreign economy in Beijing.Three disputes and three disturbances in the early days of Zhongguancun Street,especially the attempt to reform the joint-stock system and the role of the government have a great influence on the development of the private technology economy.It is precisely because of the rise and development of these economic forms that it further promoted the deepening of reform and opening up,and effectively promoted the reform of a series of institutional mechanisms such as purchase and sales policies,price policies,commercial circulation,financial management,and street management,and broke through the barriers of the dual structure of urban and rural areas,profoundly changed the original economic structure,eventually formed an economic pattern in which the multiple ownership systems have developed together.In general,Beijing's economic structure of multiple ownerships has shown the consolidation of the dominant position of the state and collective economy and the common development of various economic components,reversing people's previous ideas and ushering in the modernization of the economy and society.Take Beijing as an example to review the evolution of the ownership policy of CPC since the founding of New China.Summarizing its experiences and lessons,we can draw some inspirations.First,the correct understanding of China's national conditions is the fundamental basis for formulating ownership policies;Second,productivity standards are the objective criteria for building a socialist ownership structure;Third,emancipating the mind is a powerful motive force for the innovation of ownership theory and economic system reform;Fourth,the government's promotion is a strong support for the formation of a multi-ownership economic pattern.Fifth,there are missions of different eras in different historical periods,and we cannot blame what was done yesterday for using today's standard.In the 10 years since the reform and opening up,Beijing's ownership structure has basically adjusted to the internal needs of the society at that time and the level of productivity at different levels.Its distinctive features and outstanding achievements laid a solid foundation for its subsequent development.