After The Founding Of Mao Zedong Understanding Of The Intellectuals

Many significant theories and strategic proposals on intellectuals and their development were raised creatively after the foundation of the People's Republic of China. Meanwhile, some vague or even wrong viewpoints appeared. It will be a treasure for us to analyze the process that Mao Zedong sought for in contradictive history and the reasons of his successes and failures. Therefore we are able to summarize the lessons from history, to improve science and technology and to enhance our nation's power through the perspective of intellectual.The former part of this article focuses on Mao Zedong's cognitive process on intellectuals. Mao Zedong raised quite a lot of thoughts in order to stimulate all patriotic intellectuals to serve the People's Republic of China. He also analyzed the problems systematically on both intellectuals' ideological remolding and their functions in socialistic construction. But deviating trends appeared correspondingly. Right after the socialist transformation, Mao's cognition to intellectuals vacillated greatly. He proposed the "Two Principles" so as to emphasize the significance of science. Besides, he suggested scientific experiment to be one of the three movements in revolution. On the other hand, he expanded the Anti-rightist movement. He called upon criticizing the fields of Art and Literature as well as Social Science and Philosophy. Mao's cognition to intellectuals was totally distorted during the Cultural Revolution. He proposed to criticize so-called "Academic Authorities of Bourgeoisie", to advance Hongweibing (Red Guards) Movement, to support the wrong idea that only workers, soldiers and peasants were qualified for universities and they also managed universities. His distorted views on intellectuals brought disastrous loss to China's development of science and culture. However, Mao Zedong never ceased to explore the problems related to intellectuals.The latter part of this article centers on the results, harms, reasons of failure and historical enlightenment by analyzing Mao's thinking on intellectuals. First of all, Mao's creatively developing of Marxist intellectual theories should be affirmed. Second, the disastrous harmsresulted from Mao's distorted cognition of intellectuals should be commented objectively. Third, the subjective and objective causes that resulted in his distorted theories are analyzed practically. Finally, historic enlightenment on solving problems related to intellectuals is exposed from the profound lessons.