Marx's Free Personality Theory Research

Freedom is the main melody in the long human history ofcivilization since ancient times. The whole human history of civilizationis a development history of freedom in which human beings strive forself-liberation. As Engels said that" each progress of culture is the steptowards freedom." Freedom Theory was proposed as early as ancientGreek and the establishment of Christianity. However, it was clearlyproposed as a kind of spirit of the age and a goal for which a social classwere struggling until the emerging of capitalism.When Marx and Engels established the great Marxism theory,they also established the scientific Freedom Theory. On the basis ofcritically absorbing the Freedom Theory of bourgeoisie thinkers, theyproposed the scientific freedom view of Marxism, which pointed outthat freedom in philosophy is the understanding of inevitability and theof objective world. Marx divided the development of human freedominto three historical stages from the macroscopic point of view. Hepointed out that the first is the primitive social state based on theinterdependence of individuals, in which man's producing powerdeveloped within restricted areas and isolated places. The second isman's independence relying on material, in which men had formed theuniversal exchanges of social goods, the comprehensive relationships,demands from various aspects and the all-sided capacity systems. Thethird is the form of free personality established on the comprehensivedevelopment of individuals and on prerequisite that their mutual socialproductive forces have become their shared social wealth. Theelaboration of human freedom development is a highly scientificsummary of the development history of human freedom.In order to understand the Marx Freedom Individuality Theory,we should firstly make a comprehensive analysis of the concept of FreeIndividuality. In the "first transcript" of On Capital, say, TheTranscript of Economics (1857-1858), Marx once proposed the threestages of human development, and viewed freedom and individualityas the ideal state."The first stage is the primitive social state based onthe interdependence of individuals, in which man's producing powerdeveloped within restricted areas and isolated places. The second isman's independence relying on material, in which men had formed theuniversal exchanges of social goods, the comprehensive relationships, demands from various aspects and the all-sided capacity systems. Thethird is the form of free personality established on the comprehensivedevelopment of individuals and on prerequisite that their mutual socialproductive forces have become their shared social wealth. The secondstage creates the condition for the third stage. Therefore, the patriarchalsystem declines, along with the development of trade, luxury and theexchange value of currency, while the modern society develops alongwith these things."Marx to individual full scale development emphasis, similarlyalso is based on to person's historical development process in individualand the kind of contradiction sincere attention. Speaking of its originalsignificance, human's full scale development should be the humanwhole full scale development and each one body full scale developmentorganic unification. However, looked from the history, from primitivesociety last stage mental labor and physical labor separation until thecapitalist society, the human whole full scale development and betweenthe individual full scale development always has the incisivecontradiction or the opposition. That kind spontaneous, compulsory,fixed social division of labor, enabled the human whole ability toobtain the acceleration, a more comprehensive development, but thiswas is one-sided, the abnormal development take the overwhelmingmajority society individual as the price.Although the individual with a kind of this contradiction or theopposition in person's historical development process specific stage isinevitable, inevitable, but it is the condition after all which in person'sdeveloping process should give to overcome. But must overcome theindividual with a kind of this contradiction or the position, achievedperson's development perfect condition, the key lies in realizesindividual full scale development, but latter also is take eliminates theold-style division of labor as the most important premise. In the futurecommunism society, will be able the free diastrophism to trade the kindof work in a factory along with the members of different social classesand to change to another production department from a productiondepartment, the human whole full scale development and the individualfull scale development end completely unifies.