City Elections Plight Of Migrant Workers Their Election Rights Protection

The rural-urban migrants (also called peasant workers) is a huge community and social class of special nature, which appeared in the society transitional period of our country. It's a particular identity of the traditional household registration system and the objective result emerged from the serious conflict between the Chinese industrialization advancement and the traditional household registration system. Observed from the perspective of history and the reality, the rural-urban migrants plays an extremely important position in the politics, economy and the society of our country. The social relations this group involves are most widely and its status changed most obviously in the reform of open policy. The emergence of this group also brings many new contradictions, confusion and problems for Chinese economic construction and social and political development, the most prominent problem among which is the rural-urban migrants' right to vote. Even though the National People's Congress Standing Committee promulgated in 1983 "about the under county-level People's Congress provided for direct election," as well as some municipal elections have been promulgated the corresponding Regulations on the urban foreign populations' electoral rights in recent years , but in reality, the exercise of the rural-urban migrants' right to vote or be voted is not optimistic. Restricted by various institutional and non-institutional factors, return to their hometown or stay at the strange city, no matter where they choose to run or stand for election, they are both faced with insurmountable obstacles, which make their electoral rights often in a virtual state. Electoral rights of the rural-urban migrant workers become a mere formality is not only the shortcomings of our country's practice of political democracy, but also the missing of the entire class of the migrant workers' right to participate in the management of state affairs. Therefore, how to implement and guarantee the rural-urban migrants' electoral rights is a new topic proposed for the construction of democratic politics, which arises accompanied by a accelerate movement of population during the period of Chinese society in transition. The purpose of this paper is to systematically analyze the election dilemma faced with the rural-urban migrants and the reason caused it, carry a preliminary discussion on how to protect the electoral rights of the rural-urban migrants and provide a theoretical guidance for the election of the grass-roots level.This paper is divided into five parts:The First part: Preface. Points out the background of this subject, carries on a brief review of the present research situation on this subject and proposes the contents and the significance this paper needs to research.The second part: The Election Dilemma Faced with the Rural-Urban Migrants. First of all, defines the concept of the rural-urban migrant workers in theory and gives a brief summary on the characteristics of the rural-urban migrant workers, pointing out the electoral rights' significance for the rural-urban migrant workers. Secondly, summarizes the election dilemma faced with the rural-urban migrants in the practice of elections.The third part: The Reason That caused The Rural-Urban Migrants' Election Dilemma. This paper analyzes from three levels of the social structure, political system and the rural-urban migrants themselves, got the conclusion that the existence of urban-rural dual structure, the lag of the electoral system, the election cost - -income weigh, as well as the rural-urban migrants' indifference to election together caused the election dilemma of the rural-urban migrant.The fourth part: The Consideration on How to Guarantee the Rural-Urban Migrants' Electoral Rights Effectively. At the basis of the second and the third part, the paper carries a preliminary discussion on how to solve the election dilemma of the rural-urban migrants, proposes an attempt on how to exercise the civil and political rights, that is the enjoyment and the exercise of political rights get unhooked with the household register. Then the author got the conclusion that to strengthen the democratic construction and implement the rural-urban migrants' electoral rights, first ,we should enhance the quality of political and cultural environment and gradually increase the rural-urban migrant workers' ability of political participation; second, we should strengthen the legal and institutional construction of the rural-urban migrants' political participation, and improve the corresponding laws and regulations; third, we should strengthen the organization construction that on behalf of the rural-urban migrants' rights. Specific to the electoral system, it is necessary to take into account the actual situation of the rural-urban migrant workers and to make the corresponding adjustment in voter registration, the electoral district division, the quota of representative distribution, the candidate's nomination and determination and other links, at the same time, improve and perfect the mechanism of election relief.The fifth part: Conclusion. Summarizes the full paper, the author suggests that the protection of the rural-urban migrants' electoral rights should supposed with our country's political and social reality, which requires the joint efforts of a number of ways and we also have a long way to go.