A Brief Discussion On Transformation Of Chinese Modern Diplomacy

Modern Chinese society has undergone dramatic changes. After the Opium War, facing the strong and sustained pressure, modern Chinese society along with its foreign exchanges began the transformation process. China's modern diplomacy began its modernization under the outside force, which went through the process from resistance and exclusion, acceptation and absorption, to the final integration.During this process, China's diplomacy had gradually changed from passiveness to activeness, completing the transformation from traditional model featuring with Imperial Clan to the modern model centering on treaty system. Foreign concepts reflected by the foreign policy finished the transformation from traditional dominant idea of'Chinese and Aliens'to the view of pragmatism, equality and independence, which went through the late Qing Dynasty, the Northern Government and Nanjing Administration. After the Opium War, modern Chinese foreign institutions started its transformation toward the trend of international norms and mature, and completed the process during the Nanjing Government, which mainly reflected in two aspects- transformation of domestic and overseas foreign mechanism and institutions abroad. With its unique characteristics in its modern transformation, Chinese foreign mechanism and policies had got its modern form after about one hundred years of changes.This article is divided into four parts. In accordance with the order of historical development, the four parts introduce the changes of foreign ideas, foreign policies, foreign institutions respectively in the three periods Qing Government, the Northern Government and National Government, analyze modern Chinese diplomatic transformation, and give a focus on the inheritance and development in the diplomacy during the changes of dynasties and governments.