A Study On The Formation Of Modern Chinese Universities From The Perspective Of Chinese And Western Cultural Conflicts

In the expansion of higher education, a lot of problems in the field of higher education is worth studying.The reason why this paper choose Chinese modern university as the research object, and discusses the formation of university in Chinese modern history, is that the generation,development and the final formation of Chinese modern university was the sign of a new historical development stage of China’s higher education.It not only created a new situation of China’s higher education, but it also had important influence on the modernization of Chinese society.The formation of Chinese modern university coincided with the intense conflict between Chinese and western culture in Chinese modern times.The social environment determined the modernization of Chinese higher education had been unable to follow the development of the inherent logic and continuity, and clearly showed the dependent on the times and synchronicity.That is embodied in the following points: on the one hand, to a certain extent,Chinese modern university as a new thing deviated from the traditional higher education system on track, but it is difficult to completely get rid of the influence of traditional old education; On the other hand, in the process of its own development,it consciously drew lessons from the successful experience of the western university education, trying to realize the modern transformation of Chinese universities as soon as possible.Therefore, in a sense, the formation of Chinese modern university made a biggest impact on the traditional education system in our country, the modern sense of Chinese university and its education was no longer a traditional natural extension and development of higher education in our country, but a history product of a "consciously and involuntary" change under the process of learning western culture with the background of a conflict between Chinese and western culture.Based on reviewing the history of historical materials, in the perspective of conflict between Chinese and western culture to study the formation of Chinese modern university can provide the reference and revelation for the modernization of university education in our country and the present university education reform on the theory and practice.From the conflict between Chinese and western culture and the overall process of the development of Chinese modern university, in the face of powerful western arms, the reality of backward modern China encouraged people to explore the way of salvation.Saving the nation from the original technology to the subsequent saving the nation by education reflects people’s cognition of the shortcomings of traditional culture and the meaning of a university education.What’s more,Chinese traditional moral education was in face of difficulties of times changing,but in the same time people in China began to be acquainted and accept the superiorwestern university education concept.So before the emergence of Chinese modern university,the first thing was the reconstruction of traditional education concept.As an organization,Chinese modern university was always associated with the outside world, so through the government and university relations, different types of university administrative management, and detailed analysis and discussion to internal mechanism of teaching management in university or college can build up the management system of university education and teaching.By this time, Chinese modern university was formed basically in form. But from the view of content,there were some points involved.From the perspective of the formation of Chinese modern university teachers group,the modern university teachers group existed in the field of modern university.The appearance and development of it contained factors of Chinese and western cultural conflict and it showed up the features of age transition clearly. It specifically demonstrated with following points: the source of the teacher group was a mixture between the old and the new, which showed a feature of diversification;Teachers’ identity changed from fuzzy to clear, and the teachers’ professional ethics was gradually formed;The structure of teachers’ knowledge was from single to multiple,and the system of modern knowledge was gradually cohered;Teachers’ professional skills changed from the traditional, monotonous to flexible and kept up with the pace of era.The Analysis to Chinese modern university teachers can help people to deeply understand and master this group’s particularity, complexity and its regularity in specific period.From the perspective of the curriculum of Chinese modern university,the crisis began to appear in the curriculum of the Chinese traditional higher education,and exactly in this time, the western advanced curriculum concept had been gradually introduced into China.In face of the drastic conflict between the western curriculum concept and eastern curriculum concept,the curriculum concept of Chinese modern university was urgent to rebuild.After the new curriculum concept was formed,the design of Chinese modern university curriculum changed from abstract ideas into practice.From the westernization movement to late Qing dynasty and early Republic of China, the different periods of the curriculum drew the outline of the historical development track of evolution of Chinese modern university curriculum.In this process,the structure of Chinese modern university curriculum,types of Chinese modern university curriculum,the training goal of Chinese modern university curriculum were changed correspondingly and formed many modern characteristics of the new curriculum system.From the formation of Chinese modern university students,as the important parts of Chinese modern university,the source of Chinese modern university students was generally influenced by the different types and limitations of modern university. For example,the original national university students were old-time bureaucrats’ children or fame entitled junior officers and laterthe education object was expanded to cover the civilians’ children;Most of The early church university students were the bottom of the poor families’ children or helpless children, and later as the university was regarded as the "elite schools" and gradually got the favor of the rich family.The source of the private university students in the Republic of China was mostly through the system to recruit students, and it was flexible.While the modern characteristics of the modern university students is mainly the gradually intensified state responsibility, consciousness of democracy and freedom,and the subjective consciousness of their own education. As for the impact on China’s modernization is to promote Chinese society change from traditional to modern and new, and promote the modernization of Chinese education.