New Community Services: Civil Society, To Build A Multi-center Order

Community Service has developed rapidly since the impulse of the Ministry of Civil Affairs in 1986. Along with the rapid development of the national economy, especially with the continuous improvement of urbanization and the rapid progress of community construction, many new situations have arisen in Community Service. The study of Community Service emerges endlessly in theorists and various circles in the society. This paper tries to study different roles of Government, Market and the Society in the production and supply of community services in the new situation, through analyzing the development of Informatization of Community Service under modern technology conditions, and using Polycentric Order Theory, Traditional Administration Theory, New Public Management Theory and New Public Service Theory. Especially, this paper tries to use the New Public Service Theory and Civil Society Theory to analyze the role and function of community NGOs and citizens in Community Service. This paper has used qualitative and quantitative methodology, case study and questionnaire investigation. In this paper, I studied three different community service net and had investigated three different communities in Chengdu, Guangzhou and Hangzhou. After the case study and questionnaire analysis, I found that the Community Service is neither the same to Government Public Service, nor to Market Service, but is the prolongation of Government Public Service in the communities, and alsoa part of Market Service. The Third Sector will be more and more powerful in Community Service in the future.This paper poses the viewpoint of New Community Service, and presents two hypothesis: First, the supply system of Community Service in China will be Polycentric: Government, Market and the Third Sectors; Second, the Third Sector will take advantage in the future, and the Civil Society will be the principal part. There will be a new situation that the citizens participate actively.Hence we arrive at the following conclusions: in the situation of both "Government Failure" and "Market Failure", Community Service needs community citizens' participation. In the course of participation, the citizens cultivate the same Community Consciousness and Community Spirit, and these Community Consciousness and Community Spirit are the nature of the Community. A Civil Society in Community Service forms basing the same Community Consciousness and Community Spirit. On the other hand, the Civil Society will supply more service to the other citizens, satisfy their needs, and promote the development of Community Service. The innovation of this paper is that "New Community Service" and Community Service needs to foster Community Spirit and cultivate Civil Society.