Sports Non-verbal Behavior Research

The practice of modern athletic sports shows broad and colorful space-time place, which provides solid foundation for the occurrence and establishment of non-verbal behavior and makes it possible to exploit and utilize the non-verbal behavior; meanwhile, non-verbal behavior in various forms in athletic sports needs to be resolved theoretically. There exist many problems: how would the gym teacher use non-verbal behavior, such as gestures, expressions in his eyes, facial expressions, body contact and human relations, as emotional infection, attraction, encouragement and influence to regulate and develop excellent teacher-student relationship; how would the coach control the amount of exercise according to the change of the athletes' non-verbal behavior, and the athletes would understand the training intention in terms of the coach's non-verbal behavior; how would the coach employ the tacit non-verbal behavior to communicate with athletes or how would it be used to communicate among athletes during the match; how would the judge in the match use proper non-verbal behavior to control the competition; how would the non-verbal behavior of sports for common people be developed and organized, and how to use it to serve common people etc. And the study of these problems is limited, narrow and partial, even it is fragmentary, separate and superficial, so these problems are not perceived systematically and resolved. Consequently, it is inevitable to thoroughly and scientifically investigate the causes, the functions, the characteristics and the categories of non-verbal behavior as well as its relations with relevant subjects. And it is urgent to establish the theory of non-verbal behavior, which is meaningful practically and theoretically for the study of the functions of non-verbal behavior in sports.At present, the study of non-verbal behavior in physical education in schools is a lot more and better than that of it in athletic competition. But the study of non-verbal behavior in sports for common people is blank, besides, the complete, integrated and systematic analysis and comparison among these three categories are not concluded in the form of articles and are not paid adequate attention. So, in this thesis, the author consults many references and studies non-verbal behavior by referring to all the relevant documents, making comparison and contrast and using deductive method, the author gets the following conclusions on the base of already existed achievements.1. The symbol system people use to communicate includes verbal system and non-verbal system. Non-verbal system is the main system for sports communication. The non-verbal behavior of narrow sense refers to the gestures transmitting information. While the non-verbal behavior of broad sense also includes environments, colors, time and space, sound and signal etc. The proper use of non-verbal behavior could effectively help with the grasp of athletic skills, could make the information in sports transmit smoothly and could develop good human relationships.2. Such subjects as linguistics, semiology, anthropology, culture, promulgation, physiology, psychology, aesthetics etc. make the solid foundation for the study of non-verbal behavior.3. Non-verbal behavior in sports falls into three categories: first, non-verbal behavior in physical education in schools (characteristics: regulating class atmosphere, transmitting information visually, substituting and strengthening language signals, functions: establishing complete movement, expressing emotions and regulating movements and behavior, manipulating interactions between teachers and students); second, non-verbal behavior in athletic competition (characteristics: fixed meanings, coordination, promptness, manageability, functions: supplementation, substitution, emphasis, negation, repetition, regulation, cheating and intervention); third, non-verbal behavior in sports for common people (characteristics: concealment, accumulation, constancy, pleasure, functions: coordinating relationships, improving communication, propelling people's socialization, relieving pressure and activating life attitude). 4. Non-verbal behavior in sports could be divided into four parts. First, behavioral movement. It also could be subdivided into symbolized movement, explaining movement, expressing movement, regulating movement, touching movement and violating movement. And every division would function differently in sports. Second, time-space movement. It still could be subdivided into time signals and space signals. And the appropriate use of time-space signals could effectively fulfill the tactics, while the different use of space signals could shorten the distance between people practically and psychologically. Third, symbols. It could be subdivided into symbolic symbols and material symbols. The symbolized symbols refer to badges, banners, mascots, cups, medals, sports brands and sculptures etc.; while the material symbols refer to sports costumes, sports courts, machinery, installments and sports buildings etc. Fourth, acoustics. It includes language and music, and the appropriate use of them could improve the relationships in sports and hasten the excitement in exercise.5. The art of employing the non-verbal behavior is a very important symbol of sports teachers, coaches and judges. The teaching art of a sports teacher includes decent suits, expression, smile, regulation of space position, improving demonstrating art and creating excellent psychological atmosphere in sports etc. The instructing art of a coach refers to conquering the bad performances in the competition, influencing the spectators and athletes in the match, enhancing his appeal in the court. The art of controlling competition of a judge refers to manage, supervise and dominate the game by way of running, space, gestures and poses, the change of expression, body contact.6. The establishment of the subject on non-verbal behavior makes the primary assumption from the aspects of subject basis, quality, studying objects and methods, studying principles etc.