China's Rural Compulsory Education Funds Guarantee Mechanism

Since the launching of its open-door policy in 1980s, the reform and economic development in the rural region of China has gained tremendous achievements. Meanwhile, the choke point are emerging along with the achievements. The above difficulties have bean largely constraining the reforms and economic development from stepping onto the further steps due to the universal low-quality workforce in certain area. Hence, enforcing and strengthening the free-education that is supported by the government are widely recognized as the most effective way to help the rural area out. The development of the countryside compulsory education is the specifically manifests of realizing Concept of Scientific Development in education, and is also the inevitably requests of realizing the grand goal that Chinese nation will greatly revival. It's also the cornerstone of the socialism harmonious society and the construction of the socialism new countryside.The theories of public goods and public expenditure show that governments of all levels should capitalize on the free-education in the rural regions.The history of the elementary education from the planned economy system to the free-education stage after the reform and open policy. In recent years, Along to the thorough advancement of the reform of the countryside tax and the unceasing consummation of the public financial system, the investment to the rural free-education in the facial budget is continue growing, and it has been the main channel for the original of the rural free-education funds. The country avoid the school fees of the western area rural free-education elementary and middle-school students from the spring of 2006, and plan to expands to middle and the eastern area in 2007, begun the rural free-education funds safeguard mechanism deepening reform prologue of our country. Gradually brings all the rural free-education into the public financial safeguard scope, establishes a rural free-education funds safeguard mechanism which the central committee and the rural shares according to the minute project and the proportion. Central government mainly supports the mid-west area, and proper attention to the difficult areas of the eastern part. However, in rural free-education funds safeguard mechanism aspect there are many prominent questions like that the invest responsibility of all levels of governments not to be clear about, the overall safeguard level is somewhat low, The contradictory of the funds supply and demand is quite prominent, the burden to education of the farmers is heavy. These questions are the key factors that restrict continue development of countryside compulsory education. As a big province of agricultural in the west of our country, Sichuan province had been one of the first batch of the national to implements the free-education funds safeguard mechanism reform on the rural, stared carrying on the reform from the spring of 2006. The paper, giving Yuechi in Sichuan province as an example, analyses the exiting problems and their reasons on rural compulsory education, and compares Yuechi with the whole country as well. At present, the main problems in capitalization are in adequacy of the total capital; And serious problems of embezzlement on rural free-education, the transferred paying system are not arrived; The relative proportion of home education disbursement is high, the burden to education of the farmers is heavy. The factors to those problems are as follows: The slow development of the rural economy, and poor capacity of the fiscal payment; The lack of the management system and the low ratio of the high level governments' investment; The investment proportions for the free- education of the rural area are somewhat low from the central committee and the provincial level government.It has been become mutual recognition in many countries that all level government input on compulsory education together. We can get some advice that can be learned through comparative the policy of input and fund management on compulsory education in America, South Korea and India. To provide the comparison model of construct some methods for the free- education funds safeguard mechanism of our country.This paper proposes reform plan of countryside compulsory education funds safeguard mechanism in view of existed questions and learning advanced experience of many other countries: Perfect the microscopic system of the free-education funds safeguard mechanism of the rural; Standardizing the transferred paying policy, Enhances the education investment proportion in the national finance; broadening funding channels' point of view; Prosper the rural economy, increases the receive of the farmers.