The Research On The Rural Compulsory Education Funds Safeguard New Mechanism

The insufficiency of rural compulsory education funds investment, the unclear government fiscal responsibility, and that farmers are heavily burdened with compulsory education problem are long-term problems in China’s rural compulsory education development. In 2005, our country has issued a " notification about deepening the reform of rural compulsory education funds safeguard mechanism ",through all exempt tuition and fees, textbooks, subsidies boarder living in poverty improving the level of public funds safeguard, establishing long-term effective mechanism of renovation of school buildings, and consolidating and improving the guarantee mechanism of rural primary and secondary school teachers’ salaries and so on, for rural students at compulsory education stage, to focus on the rural compulsory education fully incorporated into the scope of public financial security. The reform has important practical significance to promote the development of rural compulsory education and realize the social fairness and justiceUnder the background of the urbanization development, this study is based on the reality needs of the development of rural compulsory education school, through large-scale questionnaire survey and interviews, discussing the results and existing problems of the reform, and analyzing the deep reason of these problems on the mechanism for ensuring adequate funding for rural compulsory education in our country. On this basis, this article puts forward to some suggestions to improve the job of the new mechanism reform.Through the study, we find that the mechanism for ensuring adequate funding for rural compulsory education in our country reform straightens out the relationship between the central and local governments at all levels of responsibility, ensures the daily operation of rural primary and secondary schools, reduces the economic burden for rural households, ensures that the rural primary and secondary school teachers’ salaries are full specified amount on time and reaches such as the target. However, the reform also has many problems, such as that the operation is not standard issue in the process of reform, and the mechanism design is not reasonable. To be specific, the aspects are as followed:(1)The new mechanism reform of coverage is not complete. Coverage mainly includes four new reform contents, and many of the items need funding such as a substitute teacher salary, salary for supporting staff, central school running funds and supporting facilities construction funds, debt repayment and school fees of stability and other projects, which have not be considered within the scope of the policy, leading to public funds shortage in rural primary and secondary schools or cause violation charge.(2)The way of appropriating public funds is not reasonable. In China we embrace the single way of funding according to the number of students, not seriously taking the internal factors and external factors into account such as the school size, school type, regional type and education policy and education goals, which affect the development of school consider enough, objectively leading to the lack of public funds in parts of areas and some schools.Among them, the rural small schools, boarding schools, and those in cold area are the most severe.(3)The total amount of public allocated funds is insufficient. Overall, allocated public funds quota can only maintain the basic operation needs. The embodiment of public funds shortage has certain regional differences:cold area mainly embodied in heating; the central region mainly embodied in insufficient funds for the daily operation; the eastern region mainly embodied in the insufficient funds for receiving trailing migrant workers ’children.(4)The implementation of poor boarder subsidy policy exist unreasonable place in the regional differences, proportion, the scope of benefit groups and the way of subsidies:proportion is too large or too small, which can not adapt to the actual needs; part of the group were excluded because of policy factors;a one-time cash money are using in inefficient way.(5) The development of rural compulsory education presents a pattern of "central sunken". Compared with other regions, the county finance of the central region takes more responsibility in the investment on all projects responsibility sharing, but the economic development level and strength of the central government funding couldn’t catch up with other areas, so as to make the rural compulsory education development level relatively backward in the central region.(6) The intergovernmental fiscal responsibility is not reasonable. As for specific projects, "project" responsibility division between the central government and local governments exists dislocation phenomenon, the county finance accounting for the teachers’ salaries, which is the bulk of compulsory education funds; and the provincial financial burdening the renovation of school buildings, which is difficult to check and ratify for diverse conditions of the buildings. This way of responsibility leads to teachers’ wage protection mechanisms and the renovation of school buildings becoming the least two effective contents of new mechanism reform.(7) The way of "problem oriented" reform doesn’t consider the social background enough. Ways of "Problem oriented" reform sticks to solve problems under the system of the past, and lack of the consideration of social development in the era background and actual needs of the rural compulsory education development. Under the background of urbanization, Chinese rural schools layout, the way to school, and school location experience major changes.The new mechanism reform implementation have two different standards for "the city" and "the rural", making parts of rural schools and rural students cannot share interests of the reform.Through the above study, the researcher suggest that the new mechanism for ensuring adequate funding for rural compulsory education reform should be based on actual needs of the development of rural compulsory education school, based on the background of social development, establish a scientific and reasonable way of funding, and further straighten out the intergovernmental financial relationship, as to include spending projects of the normal operation of rural compulsory education school all within the scope of public financial security.