Modern Mongolian Enlightenment Thought

Following the Opium War in 1840, the modern history of China began. Under the influence of the imperialist power's invasion, Chinese society underwent its transition from a feudal empire to a modern national state. This process contains lots of drastic changes in political,economy,mind and so on. At the time, enlightenment and salvation were becoming a great historical task of Chinese people. Amidst the torrential anti-imperialist and anti-feudal struggle of the people of all ethnic groups of China, Mongolian society and culture were inevitably impacted and underwent profound changes. This period (19th-20th century) was called "Enlightenment and Awakening "period in Mongolian philosophy. It included the advanced and criticism of the ancient Mongolian philosophical idea, and also guided the diffusion of democratic thought and Marxism-Leninism. This period formed a connecting link between the preceding and following, as a result, it has become an integral part of Mongolian philosophy and Chinese philosophy.This article tries to explain some ideas such as rational thought,wake-up of Mongolia Nation,searching of equality and so on which were incarnated in Mongolian philosophical thought development.In the introduction, there are briefly explanation about the sense of selecting this topic, the current situation of Mongolian philosophy study, the theoretical method and the difficulty of this research. The main text part is divided into four chapters; the third and fourth chapters are core contents.The first chapter begins with the explanation of the meaning of the "enlightenment" and gives a brief introduction to the spirit of 18 century Western Enlightenment and the rise of modern Chinese Enlightenment.The second Chapter provides an analysis of the condition of the modern Mongolian philosophy formation from social basis and culture background.The third chapter focuses on religionary criticism,wake-up of race consciousness,democratic thought, represented by Hasibao,Yinzhannaxi,Luobusangquedan,Gongsangnuoerbu, and elaborates the chief contents of the modern Mongolian philosophy.The fourth chapter gives a brief introduction to the momentum of development of Mongolian enlightenment thinking in early days of new China. During this period, Mongolian applied Marxism in understanding and recognizing Chinese historical fate, hence cranked up a new thoughts liberation campaign, and also a new epoch had begun for enlightenment thinking.The last part is an epilogue in which summarizes the main contents and the influences of the modern Mongolian philosophy. It is considered that it shows anti-religious belief in culture outlook; it uses nationalculture outlook and conception of history as determined by heroes toreinterpret national history, and try to advocate and learn the advancedsystem of bourgeois, showing a strong willing to pursuit the politicaldemocracy...