The Development Of The Central African Economic And Monetary Community Of Facing The Opportunities And Challenges

In order to face the risks and the new challenges of the globalization, the economies have try to reinforce their regional integration by building new regional regroupings or by impelling a new dynamics with the existing regroupings. A huge movement of regional integration shaped in the various areas of planet with the consolidation of the European Union, the launching of Mercosur, the installation of the NAFTA in North America or the reinforcement of the ASEAN for the Asian countries. The process of integration economic of CEMAC falls under this same dynamics.The present work concerns about "the evolution and the stakes of economic integration in zone CEMAC ". The CEMAC is the economic and monetary community of central Africa. This community was established on March 16th 1994 to replace the customs union of the States of central Africa. It gathers six countries of central Africa, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Republic of Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea and Chad. Beside of these six countries lrt us add Sao-Tome and Principe an observetor. Several questions will be tackled: which are the origins of economic integration in zone CEMAC? Which are its difficulties, its constraints and its achievements towards which directions does it take? Which prospect offers it during the globalization time;and why is it necessary today more than yesterday to attach a great importance to its development in this area?In addition the historical evolution of economic integration in zone CEMAC shows that it was not carried out like a "spontaneous generation " 1, it started initially with the equatorial customs union in 1959 then by the customs union of the States of central Africa in 1964 and finally by the CEMAC. All these changes are due to the movement of the decolonization, the structure of the international trade and in its rules of operation and of the effects of globalization. The process of integration economic in zone CEMAC is a juxtaposition of unfinished constructions. The idea of juxtaposition of an unfinished construction is extracted from the examination of existing construction on the one hand, then analysis not of the failure but rather of the failure of the process on the other hand. Indeed, one distinguishes construction before 1990 from that after 1990. The construction of 1990 relates to the UDEAC. This union is born on December 8, 1964 on the debris of the UDE (equatorial customs union) that existed since June 29, 1959. After 1990, the CEMAC will devote the federative will of the States of under area. The preliminary assessment of these constructions is generally negative. What leads us to lean on the determining reasons of the failure of the process of integration in the area. It is possible to count several reasons being able to explain the difficulties of the process of integration in central Africa. We will retain here only three groups of factors: factors related to the history;factors related to the law and factors related to the economy.Regional integration in current Africa, as certain studies underline it, is a process"Southern- Southern "of little industrialized economies, generally dependent on the agriculture and in which, the intra-regional trade, one of the key indicators of this process, is negligible. Trade is much more significant with third countries than with those which belong to the zone. In central Africa, several countries are tributary of oil the strongly oligopoly structure of this industry is not very favorable for the growth of the intra regional trade in under area. However, this situation could be circumvented by supporting or also reinforcing the development and the transformation of other natural resources in which under - area abounds to give a new economic dynamics. This new dynamics also passes by the reorganization of the economic aggregates of the CEMAC. That a stress is laid on the development of the primary and secondary sectors because the tertiary sector is already developed in the zone. The Member States must respect the agreements signed for the realization of a true economic and monetary community in order to have hoped results.The course of economic integration in central Africa was with the image of that of the African continent. Central Africa was equipped, since the independences, of institutions that functioned until the beginning of the years 1980. This process will know a slowing down during this period. However, this crossing of desert will not make a long time and since the beginning of the years 1990, the process of integration economic in central Africa will be revival. Thus the CEMAC was created to look further into and reinforce the effort of integration already started by the UDEAC. The motivations and specificities of economic integration in central Africa are clearly exposed. To through an assessment, the description of the factors that block its action leads us to recommend suggestions. This work makes it possible to better locate the current stakes and future of economic integration in central Africa. It incontestably contributes to a debate of a great topicality.