The Reserach Of Ecological Landscape Construction In The Great Ruins Of The Western Han Dynasty Mausoleum

Great ruins has encountered unprecedented predicament in current days when the cities expand rapidly and environmental problems have become more and more serious due to it occupies large area of land and owns complex structure of historic relic. Therefore, the ecological environment construction under the premise of great ruins protection has become an arduous task to both antiquarian and environmentalist.To aim at the specific ruins of Western Han Dynasty Mausoleum, theories and methodologies for ecological landscape building at Western Han Dynasty Mausoleum were investigated in this study in reference to the theory and practical experience from ecological landscape planning and great ruins protection in domestic and abroad. Significative guiding conclusions were summarized for the protection and development of the Western Han Dynasty Mausoleum. They were expected to apply in the protect of Western Han Dynasty Mausoleum effectively during the process of improving the ecological environment, enhancing the landscape effect, as well as advocating history and culture, and to achieve win-win goals of ruins protection, environment construction and economy development.Issues related to ecological landscape construction were probed systematically through the investigation on environmental characteristics of the Western Han Dynasty Mausoleum district and applying the theory and techniques from different disciplines, i.e. culture, art, history, and ecology; it came to the following conclusions.1. Survey results to the environment showed that the Western Han Dynasty Mausoleum is located in the suburb of Xi'an and Xianyang, it is a typical plateau topography in Central Guanzhong. The current ruins within the district are major tomb mound and a few under-ground architectural monuments. The ever-existed grand Mausoleum is no longer been seeking and part of the area has been replaced by the farmland due to the history alternation and the ruin of regional environment, however, there are not yet permanent farm facilities. Therefore, the disturbing elements to ecological landscape system constructions are relatively less. There is still a wider operation space for the construction of ecological landscape system focusing both ruins protection and regional ecology building. 2. Landscape resources of the Western Han Dynasty Mausoleum can be divided into three categories: ontology landscape sites, historic cultural and natural environmental landscape. They were evaluated according to the importance from five aspects, i.e. the landscape value of site ontology, landscape value of the natural environment, landscape value of history and culture, carrying capacity of regional environmental landscape, landscape disturbance factors. Landscape differences between eastern, central, and western district were found. A model holding protection and utilization at the same time were proposed in the major forms as ruins scenic areas, cultural parks, agricultural garden of history and culture.3. With respect to the theoretical issue, we suggest to respect the style and historic features of the Western Han imperial mausoleum. Two main themes should be highlighted: one is to create specific ecological landscape system which coordinates with regional natural environment and plant communities features; the other is to build a set which gather four elements of ecological, cultural, art, Leisure under a guiding idea of great ruins scenic. To present six functions as to display characteristics of the royal cemetery, site protection, ecological conservation, cultural promotion, tours and leisure; To direct 5 cultural species as the core position of the Western Han Dynasty imperial mausoleum, the identity status of cultural archaeological achievements of Han Dynasty, expo status of Chinese folk culture, the authenticity status of farming culture; To hold 3 ideas as the authenticity of natural conditions and social customs of the great ruins; the unity of history, humanities, ecology; the sustainability of site protection, landscape system and economic production; To reveal 6 building principles as ruins ontology priority, the historical authenticity of the place, the historical context prolonging, unity, individuality, etc.4. With respect to technical problems, we proposed to optimally use light, wind, water, space and other natural resources, to establish a good food chain cycle mechanism, to form a stable plant systems, historical context and to highlight the heritage site of the mausoleum culture, the pursuit of a variety of landscape typical elements of the cultural and spiritual sites such as point of view and this view was more focus on specific technical aspects of the discussion.5. A total idea to construct ecological landscape of the Western Han Dynasty Mausoleum was proposed, that is, to form spatial planning, "four districts and one belt" pattern. "Four districts" means Han Military Expo and experience area consisted of Yang Ling, Chang Ling and An Ling in the east; folk ecological agriculture scenery area centered Yi Ling, Kang Ling, Wei Ling and Ping Ling in the center; Han culture and landscape scenery centered Mao Ling, Ping Ling in the west; Han culture scenic forest area connected the eastern, central, and west areas. "Belt" means the Western tomb scenic belt, forming a good transition of different periods of Zhou, Qin, and Sui and Tang tombs.6. Under the guidance of ecological landscape theory and technology research of the great ruins of Western Han Dynasty Mausoleum, further conceive was conducted for the ecological landscape building in this area. Made the division and planning to the scenic area of great ruins of the Western Han Dynasty Mausoleum.