The Study About Building Form Of Sichuan Hakka Folk Houses

Hakka, one of Han ethnic group's subgroups, refers to a stable special Han ethnic group with unique dialect, customs, and cultural psychology self-identity formed by the migration of ancestors, due to war, famine, land and other social and natural reasons as early as in Tang and Song dynasties, from the central plain towards south into the mountain at the junction of Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangxi Province in succession, and then evolved by social isolated and integrating local Yao, She, and other ethnic minorities. Sichuan Hakka moved from Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangxi, etc. to Sichuan which was one of the five provinces inhabited by Hakka people during "fourth great migration of Hakka" period, namely "Hubei and Hunan to Sichuan" campaign in the Qing Dynasty from10year of the reign of Qing Emperor Kangxi(1671) to41year of the reign of Qing Emperor Qianlong(1776) according to Luo xinglin's theory of "five great migrations ". The culture of Sichuan Hakka is the product combining with the culture of original Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangxi Hakka. Sichuan Hakka, as a material carrier of Hakka culture, is a typical manifestation of Hakka culture and deeply reflects the uniqueness of Sichuan Hakka culture.The paper discusses the distribution, current situation, building type system, type features, and spatial characteristics of Sichuan Hakka folk houses from the respects of anthropogeography and cultural geography and comparatively analyzes about how alike or different Sichuan Hakka folk houses, Sichuan aboriginal folk houses, and Hakka folk houses in three different cultural regions of Sichuan are from each other, also, it points out the deep relation between Sichuan Hakka folk houses, natural and social environment, and reveals the deep cause of the formation, growth, and development of Sichuan Hakka folk houses in Sichuan as well as Hakka folk houses'bright characteristics.Firstly, the paper elaborates the Current studies of Sichuan Hakka folk houses, clarifies the direction of study which remains to be furthered, and points out the aims and meanings of this paper. Secondly, it introduces the distribution and number of Sichuan Hakka folk houses, analyzes natural and social environment that influences the formation and development of Sichuan Hakka folk houses, and indicates that the basic type of them is "four halls towards center, one court in the center", which is nine panes'atrium.Thirdly, it undertakes a further deep analysis about the feature, patriarchal clan system, religious belief, defense property, plaque attached to a wall and other expressions of cultural images in Sichuan Hakka folk houses from the aspects of type feature, planar system, spatial form, architectural technology and decorative art. Also, it deeply depicts the style, feature and the cause of the formation of Sichuan Hakka folk houses by comparative analyses. Finally, it raises the importance of study about Sichuan Hakka folk houses as Settlements according to some problems in the Current research; and only through thinking with the locale spirit, paying attention to the protection and use of the non-material cultural heritages of Sichuan Hakka folk houses can guarantee the protection and use of Sichuan Hakka folk houses.