| Hunan is a major tea producing province in China, which has a long history. Green tea is the major tea in Hunan. There are tea gardens of 93,333 hectares in Hunan, with an annual output more than 80,0001. Green tea, which accounts for about 50% of total output, values more than 70% of total value. Green tea in Hunan is mainly produced in the following two areas:one is the region around the Dongting Lake where green tea has the largest production. The green tea is well-manufactured with large production but its inner quality lacks distinct features; the other is Wuling Mountain area where green tea possesses outstanding quality and high-class flavor. Although the green tea production in Wuling Mountain area is smaller, it is usually used as a very important raw material to mix with green tea in the Dongting Lake region and improves the quality of green tea of the whole Hunan province. At present, tea production in Wuling Mountain area has contributed to the major incomes of tea growers and has been the mainstay industry of tea districts. However, some problems still exist in the actual prodcution such as extensive management of tea gardens, disordered tea types, low production of tea and low rate of return. The underlying reasons are a lack of scientific guidance in growing tea, technical support in tea production, knowledge of the natural condition of superior green tea in Wuling mountain district and the research over the adaptation of tea types. To solve these problems, using "Tea Cultivation Theory", "Ecological Principle", "Tea Producing Principle", "Tea Biochemical Theory", through field investigation, field experiments, analysis and other means, we studied the elevation,the soil,the climate feature,the quality of tea in the tea garden of Guzhang, Yuanling, Taoyuan, Shimen which are the most representative tea production areas in Hunan Wuling Mountain area. We master the ecological conditions of Hunan Wuling mountain area; taking Bixiangzao, Longjing 43, Baihaozao, Fudingdahao, Fudingdabaicha, Yingshuang, Zaochunhao, Jinguanyin, Zhuyeqi,88-15,88-12,88-3, a total of 12 varieties (lines) as the research objects, we compared and studied on the tea plant morphology, phenology, bud traits, resistance, analysis of constituents of roasted tea samples and sensory evaluation, from the ecological adaptability of tea varieties. The main results are as follows:1. In Hunan Wuling Mountain tea garden, pH is 4.4-5.3, which is suitable; rich in O.M. content; TN and AN are abundant, while TP, AP, TK, AK at a low level; the contents of exchangeable Ca and Mg are higher; the content of heavy metals including Pb, Cd and Hg are low; paired with the soil samples, the constituents of tea samples show that the contents of amino acids, TP, caffeine and water extract are at higher levels. It proves that the environment is suitable for the growth of tea plant and tea could achieve high quality and safe production.The ecological conditions of tea can be divided into three steps:living, growing and quality conditions.There is no doubt that the Wuling Mountain area meet to the living conditions of tea, soil pH is suitable, as well as temperature, in addition to extreme minimum temperature is too low at more than 1200m above sea level mountain. The soil with high fertility is deep and loose, resource of temperature and light is abundant, this area has the basic conditions for high yield of tea. Wuling Mountainou area is in the excellent condition of producing tea. Firstly, the elevation of the tea garden between 200-1200m and the main tea garden in 200-600m has the best quality elevation conditions for producing green tea; secondly, the temperature gap between day and night is great, the air humidity is high, and heavy fog is conducive to the formation of high-quality green tea; thirdly, fertile soil can provide adequate nutrition for tea plants, some tea gardens have to increase N, P, K and other nutrients in the supplement and organic fertilizer.2. According to research, Bixiangzao is the best variety of the tested varieties. Zaochunhao can be planted in Hunan Wuling Mountain area with lower elevations as one of the earliest species; Bixiangzao, Yingshuang, Baihaozao varieties can be planted in Hunan Wuling Mountain area as the early species.; Zhuyeqi belongs to late species which is helpful to extend the exploitation of the famous green tea, also suitable to promote in Hunan Wuling Mountain area. |
PDF Full Text Request