Studies On Lily Germplasm Resources Collection And Diversity Of Phenotype And Pollen In Sichuan-Guizhou Area

Lily is one of the world's most important cut flowers. China is the natural distribution center, rich in natural resources and endemic species. But at present, resources of many wild lilies are not fully utilized. To solve this problem, in this study, germplasm collection and studies on phenotype and pollen diversity were conducted for wild lily in Sichuan-Guizhou region, a lily concentrated region in China. The study was aimed at the collection and preservation of lily resources, evaluating the genetic relationships of some wild species. The main results were as follows.1. In the survey and collection 7 species and two varieties of wild lily were collected, including L.sargentiae, L.lancifolium, L.brownii, L.davidii, L.duchartrei, L.regale, L.leucanthum, L.bakerianum and L. henryi. Plot survey method was used to investigate the distribution, biological characteristics, ornamental traits, habitat conditions and vegetation characteristics. The survey showed that wild lilies in Sichuan-Guizhou area were not as many as recorded in the relevant literature, seriously damaged and in urgent need of protection.2. Seven species and two varieties were collected for diversity analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis.50 phenotypic traits such as plant height, petal length, leaf length were studied. The results showed that the germplasm resources of wild lily in Sichuan-Guizhou area were significantly different in main characters. The coefficients of variation of morphological traits were more than 20%, except the width of the ovary, with coefficient of variation of bottom leaf sharp up to 276.39%.Principal component analysis showed a strong correlation between the traits. Four extracted principal components accounted for 69.595% of the total information, principal component 1 accounting for up to 43.656% of the total information. Four principal components extracted a total of 26 morphological traits and principal component 1, including style length, outer petal length, filament length, inner petal length, ovary length, whether or piebald, inner petal width, filament width, stigma width, showed a highly positive load capacity, all more than 0.75, indicating that flower traits were the main indicators of morphological differentiation in wild lilies in Sichuan-Guizhou area.25 materials were clustered into two major categories, in agreement with the genetic basis and evolution of different lily group. The characters of the two categories mainly differred in plant height, flower size and leaf size.3. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the pollen morphology of the collected wild lilies and the two unidentified materials collected before. It was found that the pollen of lilium was single-form, bilaterally symmetrical, polar view oblong to elliptic, the edge with a depression (as germination groove), boat-shaped in equatorial view, with a single germination ditch, ditch extended to slender poles, trench edge was neat, polar crack tip groove. Surface ornamentation was reticulate, mesh for irregular polygon to nearly round, with different sizes. Net ridge morphology was in particle-and tumor-like shape or disk beads, arranged closely, a single row of pillars, ridge width 1.96-3.63μm, sometimes breakpoint. There were tumor-like or verrucous apophysises in the meshes, and the number varied with the species.Cluster analysis was carried out using 5 morphology indexes including pollen size (equatorial axis, polar axis length), P/E, net ridge width, decoration mesh size. All materials were first clustered into two classes:L. sargentiae, L.leucanthum, L. brownii, L. regale and unidentified 1 were in group 1, L. lancifolium, L. henryi, L. duchartrei, L. davidii, unidentified 2 and L. bakerianum were in another group. The clustering result was consistent with the morphological traits. The results showed that L. sargentiae, L. leucanthum and L. brownii were closely related, while L. lancifolium, L. henryi, L. duchartrei and L. regale shareed close genetic relationships. Unidentified 1 was close to L. regale, while unidentified 2 was close to L. davidii.Variance analysis according to P values, E values and P/E values of L. sargentiae from different places (BH1-BH13) showed that the morphologic differences were very significant.