| In this paper, with the support of remote sensing and geographic information system software, the Land Use Type (LUT) was classified and land surface temperature (LST) was registered with the intention to study the dynamics of land use and land surface temperature distribution within space and time variables in the city of Hangzhou, Zhejiang; China. Landsat5 TM information was taken recording the following dates: July 25, 1986, 11 August 1998 and July 5, 2008 as data source. The paper also analyzed the relationship between LUT and LST, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and LST, to review the LUT and LST dynamic during the year 1986 to 2008. These changes and their repercussions require careful consideration by local and regional land managers and policy makers in order to make informed decisions that effectively balance the positive aspects of development and its negative impacts in order to preserve environmental resources and increase socioeconomic welfare.The absolute value of the cultivated land area and construction land area is the largest in all LUT. From the earliest date of the data (1986), an amount of 142,832 hectares of cultivated land were reduced to 85,505 hectares on the latest data source (2008); which represents a proportional decrease from 42.67% down to 25.55%. Land area of construction increased from 38,597 hectares in 1986 to 87,172 hectares in 2008; proportionally speaking, the area rose to 26.04%. Green space faced a swift tendency of growth from the 20,102 ha to 46,194 hectares, meaning an increase in percentage from 6.01% to 13.80%; this means that it as the middle type between agricultural land (woodland, cultivated land, etc.) and construction land (mainly including production green space, protective green space and unutilized brush etc) has the same increase trend with constructed land.In this study, use land use dynamic index (LUDI), land use development index (LUD) and land use consumption (LUC) are reflected as highlighted variables for the change in Land Use in between 1986 to 2008. The LUDI of forest land, cultivated land and garden land are -0.28%,-1.82% and -3.51% respectively; construction land and green space and other registered areas showed 5.72% and 5.9% respectively; The LUD of construction land, green space and other registered areas are highest (7.73% and 9.37%); Forest land, cultivated land and garden land are lowest (0.83%, 0.96% and 0.68%); In the LUC garden land, green space and other registered areas are 4.19% and 4.55% which are highest from all other types.From the year 1986 to 1998, land use change may mainly be seen at the peripheral area of Xihu district, Shangcheng district, Xiacheng district and Gongshu district. In the years 1998-2008 the changes are mainly concentrated in Uuhang district, JiangGan district, Binjiang and Xiaoshan district. This paper clearly shows expansion of construction land and reduction in cultivated land. In the other districts of Hangzhou may be seen an expansion in green land and a reduction in water sources.Therefore the change in LST indicators reflects reduction of low temperature areas are increase in high temperature areas. The urban heat island proportion index (UHI) at Xihu district experienced a drastic change increasing from 0.04 to 0.11; about 3 times during in between the years 1986 to 2008. In 2008, Xiacheng district and Shangcheng district reached 0.58 and 0.48 respectively, compared with 1986 which shows a lower increase; Gongshu district, Jianggan district and Binjiang district reached 0.37, 0.33 and 0.33 in the year 2008 respectively. Their behavior had a major change compared to 1986; Yuhang district and Xiaoshan district show in 2008 an index of 0.15 and 0.20 respectively meaning an increase of 15 times and 20 times compared with 1986. The average temperature of LST has a different behavior regarding land use types. Forest and water surfaces reflect low temperature while construction land, green areas and other land use registered reflect high temperatures. Cultivated land and garden land are in a mid-range temperature area except for the garden land which indicator reads lower than the forest land in the year 1986. The relationship between LST and NDVI showed a reverse trend, meaning that while registered change of land use types, the NDVI indicators decrease when LST marks high (except water body).In general, it has same trend as the change of land use type and urbanization. The LST change in space is caused by land use dynamics; and NDVI reflects the spatial distribution index of change. The overall trend shows an increase of constructed land; high thermal field area increased and low temperature area decreased. The mosaic pattern of LUT increases the complexity of LST. |
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