| Camellia oleifera is an important edible woody oil tree species native to China. There are55million mu oil-tea trees in China, but about40million mu oil-tea trees are low-yielding forests, covering80%total areas, the average oil production of each mu is only5.8kg. The phenomenon of low yields existing in camellia oleifera has become the bottleneck problem of the industrial development. Crown grafting is the main measure of changing the oil-tea's quality and improving the yield of oil-tea trees. This research is aimed at the key technical problems of oil-tea low-yielding forest reconstruction, Through the field contrast test and statistical analysis, the study centered on the factors that impact the grafting survival rate and growing of oil-tea trees. The results of this study are as follows:(1)Analyse of impact factors about survival rate of high grafting for changing breed.Different grafting methods, different grafting time, scions, different storage time of scions, Slope position have different effect on grafting survival rate. The study showed:the impact on survival rate of different Grafting methods showed great difference. The method of'Pi xia qian fu jie' has the highest grafting survival rate, it amount to92%, secondly, the grafting survival rate of'Si pi qian jie' is80%,'Gai Hang la pi qie jie'has the lowest survival rate, about71%. The grafting time has a big impact on the high grafting survival rate. Because of the high lignification of scion in summer, the grafting survival rate is only56%. In autumn, the highest survival rate can amount to90%, and about87%in spring. The survival rate is obvious difference when we using different Camellia oleifera cultivars engrafted the same rootstock. Using ordinary Camellia oleifera as rootstock and fine cultivars as scion, the compatibility nearly have no difference, but the average survival rate is different in each kind of cultivars. The'XiangLin XLC15'has the highest average grafting survival rate, it is91%, and'Hua Jin'is88%, the Lowest is'Xiang Lin No.1', only81%. The shorter of scion storage time, the higher of survival rate. The best result is that we pick the scion and graft it the same day, it is90%. The storage time of scion is3days has the lowest average survival rate, it is71%. The larger of the forest canopy density, the higher of survival rate. The highest average grafting survival rate is91.0%when the canopy density is0.8. Secondly, the survival rate is86%and80%when the canopy density is0.6and0.4, respectively. Slope position has distinctive effects on high grafting survival rate. On hillside, the survival rate is the highest, about90%. On foot of mountain and mountaintop, the average grafting survival rate are lower than hillside, is84%and85%, respectively. Different age of root stock have notable influence on grafting survival rate. Different trunk cutting time have indistinctive effect on high grafting survival rate.(2)Analyse of the impact factor of high grafting growth.Different grafting methods have notable influence on the growth of new shoot. The best method to the growth of1-year branches and2-year branches is'Pi xia qian fu jie', the next-best is'si pi qian jie', then the'Gai Hang la pi qie jie'. Grafting time has some influence on the growth of high grafting. The growth of new shoot grafted in autumn is much better than grafted in summer. Different oil-tea cultivars have no obvious difference on the growth of new shoot that grows from grafting trees. The scion storage time have no obvious' influence on the growth of new shoots. Different stand slope positions have obvious influence on the yield of oil-tea trees after high grafting. On the factors of slope positions, the longest average length of new shoot is the trees on the hillside, the next is on the foot of the mountain, and the shortest is on the mountaintop. Different age of stock has marked difference on the yield of oil-tea after high grafting. Different ways of trunk cutting have greater influence on the growth of branches; the yield of1-year and2-years branches with many times trunk cutting method is obviously lower than that with one-time trunk cutting.(3) Determination of yields and economic characters after high grafting from different scion.Choosing different oile-tea varieties as scion to do high grafting crown, the fruit size, fruit shape index, average weight, average yield per plant, fresh seed rate, dry seed rate, shelling percentage and oil content are different.'Huashuo' fruit diameter of57.73cm,'huashuo' fruit weight maximum of68.75g, the average single fruit the amount of5.8Kg, while the diameter of the smallest26.86cm Xianglin No.1, an average weight minimum Xianglin on the1st19.5g, the minimum amount of average per plant produced fruit Xianglin XLJ144.3Kg. Fresh out of the highest seed rate'Huaxin'52.56%; dry seed rate up to 'Huaxin'38.0%, followed by the 'huajin' minimum Xianglin XLJ1425.41%. The highest shelling percentage 'Huaxin is'73.57%, followed by Joaquin minimum Xianglin65.32%in the1st. The oil content of up to 'Joaquin'46.0%, followed by''huashuo''minimum Xianglin XLJ14.Camellia high grafting crown, fruit size, fruit shape index, the average fruit weight, average yield per plant, yield per mu, fresh seed rate, dry seed rate, shelling percentage and oil content of the correlation analysis between the show that the index of fruit shape and fruit diameter into a significant positive correlation, the correlation coefficient was0.860, with an average weight of significant positive correlation coefficient of0.970. Yield per plant and fruit diameter, longitudinal diameter, and an average weight has a significant positive correlation, the correlation coefficients were0.815,0.884and0.824, the same amount of per-mu yield fruit and fruit size, average weight, average yield per plant is related. Fresh seed rate and fruit weight negatively correlated with a correlation coefficient of-0.094. Dry out the positive correlation between seed rate and fruit longitudinal diameter, the average yield per plant, the correlation coefficient of0.864and0.921, respectively. The shelling was fresh out of the seed rate was negatively correlated, the correlation coefficient was-0.033. The rate of oil-bearing fruit longitudinal diameter was positively correlated, the correlation coefficient was0.977; existence of negative correlation with fresh seed rate, the correlation coefficient is-0.466. |
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