Study On Reasonable Fertilization Under Interplanting Grass In Apple Orchard

Good water and nutrient is the basic premise with ensuring stable and high yield,Weibeiarea in Shanxi Provine is the world famous apple eugenics area, but water shortage andnutrient deficiency are key factors that restricted apple development in this area. In recentyear, in order to solve this problem,apple industry in this area focus on the promotion ofinterplanting grass in apple orchard,but in fact, some farmers have been no awared ofinterplanting grass by technology, it is difficult to have a good result. At the same time, someresearches indicated it is a phenomenon that water and nutrients fight between trees andweeds under interplanting grass in orchard. Therefore, fertilization mothod, the type offertilizers and fertilizer rate will affect tree growth and yield and quality of the fruit.A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different fertilization treatmentson soil fertily under interplanting grass in apple orchard, tree's gowth and development, yieldand quality of the fruit. The experiment was aimed to establish a rational applying fertilizerfor apple orchard in Weibei area, and provide technical support for farmers and improvingtree's growth environment. The main conclusions included:1．Apple's deal with the application of various growth periods can improve the soil watercontent under interplanting grass in apple orchard. However,NPKM treatment and Mtreatment water-retention capacity was significantly higher than that of three treatments.Each fertilization treatment can improve the water use efficiency (WUE). The WUE foryield of the NPKM treatment was the best, show12.15%,25.80%and23.95%respectivelyhigher than NPK.M and NP treatments. Soil nutrition contents of each fertilizationtreatment were higher significantly than no fertilization treatment(CK), soil nutritioncontents of0-20cm layer was higher than that of20-40cm layer. Soil availiable and totalnutrition contents of NPKM treatment and M treatment were the highest.2．Fertilization treatments can improve the apple blossom and fruit rate under interplantinggrass in apple orchard, the apple blossom and fruit rate of NPK and NPKM treatmentswas increased by17.13%and16.71%compared to CK treatment respectively. Appletree's growth of new branches was increased differently by fertilization treatments, growthof new branches of NPKM treatment was significant highest in all treatments. Weight ofone hundred leaves and thickness of one hundred leaves in M treatment were the highest, and were increased by8.86%and27.30%compared to CK treatment respectively, andhad no difference to that of NPKM treatment. Fertilization treatments can improve leaf'schlorophyll content, but leaf's chlorophyll content of fertilization treatments had nodifference to that of CK treatment. The fertilizer application improved obviously leafmineral element content, Mn content in leaves in NPK trearment were thehighest,N,P,K,Fe,Cu,Zn,Ca and Mg contents in NPKM trearment were the highest. Toconclusion, we proposed that fertilization application at NPKM treatment improvedobviously apple blossom and fruit rate and leaf quality, increased tree's growth of newbranches, at the same time, it could icrease leaf mineral element content.3．Fertilization application could increase yield and the quality of fruit under interplantinggrass in apple orchard, Single fruit weight in NPKM treatment was highest, and increasedby14.98%compared to CK treatment. Yield per tree in NP,M,NPKand NPKM trearmentsincreased apartly by15.40%,19.27%,30.15%and54.49%as compared with CKtreatment. Soluble suger content in NPK treatment was highest, fruit shape index, solublesolids, vitamin C and ratio of suger to acid in NPKM treatment were the highest, titratableacidity in CK treatment was the highest. Vitamin C in NPKM treatment was higher thanother fertilization treatments, and fertilization treatments had no difference compared toCK treatment. Soluble suger and soluble solids in different fertilization treatments hadsignificantly difference compared to CK treatment.4．In conclusion, by studying the effect of different fertilizer application on soil feritility,water use efficiency, tree growth and fruit qulity under interplanting grass in apple orchard,the results showed that,in the condition of this experiment, NPKM treatment was asuitable cultivation pattern for orchard, which could improve soil fertility and enhancevigor, and increase yield and the quality of fruit.