Application Of Fermented Soybean Meal In Broiler

This experiment was designed to study the effect and mechanism of fermented soybean meal on broiler growth performance, providing the theoretical basis for the application of fermented soybean meal in broilers feed.Research method:250one-day-old meat chickens were randomly divided into five groups, each group included five replicates (10meat chickens per replicates). The control group (Group I) were fed to the basic diet. The Group Ⅱ was fed to the basic diet supplemented with30mg/kg zinc bacitracin and6mg/kg colistin sulfate. The treatment groups(group Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ) were fed to the basic diet replaced the soybean meal with3%,6%,9%of Fermented soybean meal to investigate the effects on growth performance,blood biochemistry index,antioxidation function,immune function and intestinal morphology and microorganism of cecum and Protease in duodenum. The experiment lasted for70days. The whole feeding experiment was divided into two stages, namely1～28days and29～70days.Results:1. Performance:28th day, the average weight gain of group Ⅳ>Ⅴ were significantly higher than group Ⅰ (P<0.05),and there were no significant difference among group Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ.The feed/gain ratio of group Vwas the lowest one which was significant lower than group Ⅰ (P<0.05), while the difference was not remarkable compared with that of the group Ⅱ (P<0.05). In survival rate, group Ⅱ significantly increased than group Ⅰ,Ⅲ(P<0.01), group V was significant higher than group Ⅰ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ too(P<0.01), there were not significant difference among other groups (P>0.05).70th day, the average weight gain of group Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ were significantly higher than group Ⅰ (P<0.05,P<0.01),and the group of Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ didn't have significant difference (P>0.05).The feed/gain ratio of group Ⅳ,Ⅴ(P<0.01) and group Ⅱ (P<0.05) were significantly lower than group Ⅰ, while the difference among group Ⅱ,Ⅲ, Ⅳ,Ⅴ were not significantly (P>0.05).05). In survival rate, group Ⅱ,Ⅴ(P<0.01)and group Ⅳ(P<0.05) were significant higher than group Ⅰ,and there were no significant difference among group Ⅱ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ. Compared with the group Ⅰ,Ⅱ, group Ⅳ could distinctively increase the Semi-eviscerated percentage(P<0.05), and no obvious difference was found in other groups.(P>0.05). The eviscerated percentage in the group Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ had no obvious difference (P>0.05), all were significantly higher than those in the group Ⅰ (P<0.05,P<0.01). The leg muscle percentage of group Ⅲ was the highest one which was significant higher than group Ⅰ (P<0.01), while the difference among other group were no significant (P>.05). Each chest muscle percentage had not significant difference among the every group (P>0.05).2. Blood biochemistry index:28th day, In terms of AKP, the group Ⅱand group Ⅴwere remarkable higher than that of the group Ⅰ (P<0.05). The content of ALB and TP in the serum of five groups had not significant difference (P>0.05). The content of UA decreased obviously by group Ⅴ,and its content had significant difference compared with group Ⅰ (P<0.05), however there were no remarkable difference among other groups (P>0.05).70th day, the AKP activity of group Ⅴ was higher than other groups,and the difference was extremely significant (P<0.01) and significant(P<0.05) compared with group Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and group Ⅳ respectively. The content of ALB in the serum of five groups had not significant difference (P>0.05).The TP content in serum increased by group Ⅳ compared with that of the group Ⅰ, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). In UA, no obvious difference was found in five groups(P>0.05).3. Antioxidant Function:28th day, In terms of T-AOC, group Ⅴ was significant higher than group Ⅰ,Ⅲ(P<0.01) and group Ⅱ (P<0.05), the T-AOC of group IVwas higher than that of the group Ⅰ,Ⅲ too, and the difference was significantly(P<0.05),. There had been a marked increase in CAT of group Ⅱ,Ⅲ(P<0.05) and group Ⅳ,Ⅴ(P<0.01) compared with group Ⅰ. The contents of MDA were not significantly different between each group (P>0.05).70th day, the T-AOC of group Ⅳ was strongest and significantly higher than group (P<0.05), but the difference was not significant compared with group Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅴ(P>0.05). In terms of CAT, group Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ were significantly higher compared with group Ⅰ (P<0.05), there were extremely marked(P<0.01) and significantly(P<0.05) increase in group Ⅲ,Ⅳ and group Ⅴ compared with group Ⅱ respectively. The contents of MDA of group Ⅳ was significant lower than group Ⅰ (P<0.01)and group Ⅱ, group Ⅴ was also significant lower than group Ⅰ (P<0.05).4. Immune function:28th day, comparing with group Ⅰ, it could remarkblely improve Spleen index in group Ⅳ,Ⅴ (P<0.05). In Bursa index,group Ⅴ was significantly increased than that in the group Ⅱ,Ⅲ (P<0.05) and group Ⅰ (P<0.01).No significant differences were observed among five groups in Thymus index(P>0.05).70th day, The Spleen index of group Ⅲ was remarkable higher than group Ⅰ (P<0.05). In Bursa index,group Ⅳ was significantly increased than group Ⅰ (P<0.05).No significant differences were observed among five groups in Thymus index(P>0.05). While no obvious difference was found between other groups (P>0.05) 5. The immune performance of duodenal mucosal:28th day, comparing with group Ⅰ, group Ⅱ, Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ could significantly optimize intestinal morphology (P<0.01),to promote growth of gut villi, while group Ⅴ has higher gut villi than group Ⅳ, the difference was remarkable (P<0.05). The mast cell in duodenal of group Ⅱ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ were significantly decreased compared with group Ⅰ (P<0.01), and the difference between group Ⅲ and group Ⅰ was remarkable (P<0.05). The sIgA in duodena of group Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ decreased compared with that of the group Ⅰ,and the difference was extremely significant(P<0.01),while comparing with group Ⅱ,the group Ⅲ,Ⅳ, Ⅴ had a remarkable increase(P<0.01).70th day, the gut villi of group Ⅳ,Ⅴ had a better growth than group Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ with a significant difference(P<0.01). Mast cell in duodenal had not significant difference (P>0.05) among the every group.6. Digestive enzyme activity of duodenum:28th day, there were no significant differences in amylase activity among each groups (P>0.05). Trypsin activity of duodenum in group V (P<0.01) and group Ⅳ(P<0.05) were significant higher than that of the group Ⅰ.70th day, there were no significant differences in amylase activity among each groups (P>0.05). In the terms of Trypsin activity, comparing with group Ⅰ, group Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ significantly increased, the difference in group Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ was extremely obvious(P<0.01) and remarkable in group Ⅴ(P<0.05), no obvious difference was found among other groups(P>0.05).7. Microorganism in cecum:28th day, the count of E.coli of group Ⅱ,Ⅴ was lower than that of the groupⅠ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ (P<0.05). Group V could significantly prove the Lactobacillus Beijerinck in cecum compared with the group Ⅰ (P<0.05), while no significant differences were observed in other groups (P>0.05).70th day, in terms of E.coli, group Ⅴ had a lower level than that of the group Ⅰ (P<0.05), the group Ⅱ,Ⅳ could obviously promote the breeding of Lactobacillus Beijerinck in cecum compared with group Ⅰ (P<0.05), and there were not different in other groups (P>0.05).8. The content of nitrogen and crude ash in excrement of broiler:28th day, in terms of nitrogen in broilers' excretory product, group Ⅳ,Ⅴ had a obviously decreased from the group Ⅰ (P<0.01) and the group Ⅱ (P<0.05). Group Ⅲ could significantly decrease the content of crude ash in broilers' excretory product compared with group Ⅲ,Ⅴ (P<0.05), and the difference was extremely obvious while compared with that of the group Ⅰ,Ⅳ (P<0.01), the content of crude cash of the group Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ were remarkable lower than that of the group Ⅰ (P<0.01).70th day, the content of nitrogen of group Ⅱ was remarkable lower than that of the group Ⅰ (P<0.05),while the difference was extremely obvious in group Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ compared with the group Ⅰ (P<0.O1),the content of crude cash in group Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ had a lower level than group Ⅰ with a significant difference(P<0.01), and there were no remarkable difference among other groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:1. The use of Fermented soybean meal in broiler feed can improve the performance of broilers.2. The replacing of certain amount of Fermented soybean meal in broiler feed can improve the immune function,antioxidation,digestive enzyme activity of duodenum, can optimize intestinal morphology, and promote the balance of Microorganism in gut.3. The best usage amount of Fermented soybean meal is6%～9%.