| The genus Illicium Linn, is the only member of the family Illiciaceae DC.. According to Flora of China, about28species and2varieties have been disjunctively distributed in the southwest, southern and eastern China, and21species grow only in China. Of these plants, the characteristically shaped fruit (Anisi Stellati Fructus) of I. verum Hook. f. and the cortex (Illicii Cortex) of I. difengpi K. L. B. et K. I. M. are listed in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010Edition). I. verum fruits is a a commonly used spice in China and is the industrial source of shikimic acid, a primary ingredient used to create the antiviral drug, Tamiflu, which is regarded as a remedy for the flu H5N1virus. The fruits of I. lanceolatum is often found to be the counterfeit of I. verum fruits in local market, leading to serious toxicities.According to Dictionary of Chinese materia medical (Second Edition) and Chinese Materia Medica, I. lanceolatum is known as Chinese name Mancao or Honduhui, its roots and root bark have been applied as a traditional Chinese medicine with the actions of dispelling cold and relieving pain, and its fruits are highly toxic. It has been distributed in southern China, and is native to China. Its roots are often used for traumatic injury and low back pain in folk medicine. Chinese medicine Honghuixiang injection is also made from its root bark. Because the roots of I. lanceolatum have been cut down to be applied as a traditional Chinese medicine, the plant is confronted with immediate extinction. Thus, in this sudy, we studied on the stems and leaves of I. lanceolatum to understand the difference between chemical compositions and pharmacological activities of I. lanceolatum stems, leaves and roots, which paves the way for comprehensive utilization and development of medicinal resources. The main contents are as follows:1. Components of I. lanceolatum stems and leavesThe leaves and stems of I. lanceolatum were collected from the Xiushui County, Jiangxi province, China.51compounds were isolated from I. lanceolatum stems and leaves by Silica Gel column, Sephadex LH-20, Preparative TLC and Preparative HPLC. Of these compounds, the structures of40compounds were elucidated by the UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS,1-NMR,13C-NMR and2D-NMR data, including33known compounds first isolated from I. lanceolatum and a new compound. The major types of the isola+(?) compounds are sesquiterpenes, phenylpropanoids and lignans, and flavones etc. structure of the new compound (neolignan) was deduced to be5,5'-diallyl-2,2',3'-trimethoxydiphenyl ether.2. Anti-inflammatory activities of I. lanceolatum stems and leavesBased on the traditional usages (dispelling cold and relieving pain) of I. lanceolatum, the antiinflammatory activities of extracts (aqueous decoction and80%ethanol extract) and fractions (petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butyl alcohol and water fraction) from I. lanceolatum stems and leaves were tested using ear edema models induced by dimethyl benzene in mice. The dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions from the ethanolic extract showed high antiinflammatory activity as compared to other fractions. At the dose of800mg/kg, the inhibitory rates were42.32%and45.18%, respectively, whereas dexamethasone (positive control) exhibited71.42%inhibition. Using the bioassay guides then carried out the isolation of active compounds from dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fraction of the plant. Further, the six isolates (ILJ-27,28,29,38,40,41) were evaluated for inhibitory effect on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages RAW264.7. Among the isolates evaluated, the compounds (ILJ-27,28,29) showed inhibitory activity on NO production with IC50values of27.58,26.59and34.35g/mL, respectively, while the positive control, aminoguanidine sulfate (AG), had an IC50of15.94g/mL. |
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