Jiaqing Twenty-five Years To The End Of The Twentieth Century. Qing Sichuan Tibetan Administrative Region Changes

The author attempts to research the reform of Sichuan-Tibetan region from Jiaqing period. The researcher takes Chinese historical political geography as a basic orientation, together with the social and cultural historical approaches. The core of the research is the reform of the administrative regionalization in Sichuan-Tibetan region in the middle and late Qing Dynasty. The author aims to restore the changing process of Sichuan-Tibetan region's administrative regionalization from the twenty-fifth year of the Jiaqing's ruling era to the end of 20th century, and analyzes the reasons, the characteristics, the influence and the name changes during the course of reform systematically.The dissertation has two sections. Section one attempts to recover the dynamic process of the administrative regionalization in Sichuan-Tibetan region that from settling down to adjusting to the final shape since twenty-five years of Jiaqing period from various historical perspective. Sichuan-Tibetan regions experienced the establishing, optimization and stabilizing of administrative regions in a short time from the late Qing Dynasty to the foundation of the People's Republic of China. During that time, Sichuan-Tibetan region also transformed from "barbarian" borderland to heartland in the process of modernization. Therefore, this research emphasizes on the administrative regionalization's reforms from the late Qing Dynasty to the foundation of People's Republic of China. Sichuan-Tibetan area includes thirty-two counties, these administrative regions was established and constructed in different time, patterns and situations, so the author divides this section into three parts.First, the author analizes the investigation of the Qing government in the Sichuan-Tibetan region and the "chieftain" policy in the later Qing Dynasty. In the early Qing Dynasty, there was no formal establishment in Sichuan-Tibetan areas, the government took the "restrict them" chieftain of the system in this area. Starting from the Kangxi period, the government spent in the local area toast, the official line of flow of the system, then set up more administrative regionalization like Maozhou Zhi Li Zhou, Songpan Zhi Li Ting, Lifan Zhi Li Ting and Maogong Zhi Li Ting. There are three Fu, one Zhi Li Zhou, three Zhi Li Ting, three San Zhou, three San Ting, total of fifteen counties. Second, the researcher probes into the administration setting up and transmission between the Republic of China in Sichuan-Tibetan areas, it focuses on Ganzi-Tibetan area. The "chieftain" policy has been used, the consolidation of administrative areas has been formed and a number of new administrative regionalization have been established and transmitted. There were twenty-six counties and two Administrative Bureaus before the Republic in Sichuan-Tibetan regions.Third, the author focuses on the improvement and optimization since the Period of the People's Republic of China in Sichuan-Tibetan administrative regions. The importance are attached on the Aba-Tibetan and Muli-Tibetan areas. The government tried to adjust and reform the administrative considerable of the Sichuan-Tibetan areas during the People's Republic of China which is the most important period that the administrative regionalization were shaped in Sichuan-Tibetan regions. There are thirty-two counties who belonged to Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture.In section two, the author analyzes the factors concerned with the changes, and the features in the administrative regionalization of Sichuan-Tibetan regions, also the influence on the future and the changes of the administrative zones'name more than a century from the Jiaqing years. Reforms in the political area of Sichuan-Tibetan region are the result of many factors, the unity and struggle of the central and local, and the central government under the harsh external environment affected the implementation of the border administrative region to make policies for political reasons; border economic development and Decline was chieftain of the economic administrative settings, government boundary adjustments for economic reasons; regional identity and the Han Confucian influence is the subjective elements; and administrative center distances and their geographical location is a natural environmental factors. Because many factors influence changes in the administrative divisions of Sichuan-Tibetan area showed regional, time and other characteristics. Since the mid Jiaqing Administrative Region, Sichuan-Tibetan areas set up and made policies to promote the western Sichuan Plateau region and near the localization process of modernization, promoting the Sino-Tibetan national economy, cultural exchange and development, consolidation of the frontier territory of security, maintaining the country the unity of that time and later have a significant impact.Ethnic communities in the border areas of Sichuan-Tibetan areas were always hardly controlled by the central government. The Central Government strengthened the rule since the middle of the Qing Dynasty and set the same administrative regionalization like the Mainland. In the long process of setting and adjustment, such as political, military, socio-economic and ethnic factors related to the changes of administrative divisions, so the gains and losses on adjustment of administrative regionalization will be our policy reference to the reform areas today. Therefore, this study will help to understand political process in Sichuan-Tibetan area.