On Protestant Missionary Activities In China "North Shift Phenomenon" (1840-1900)

Christianity, single refered to the Protestant in China, and also called Protestantism. It was splitted up by the Catholic church in the 16th century, therefore, called Protestant, in solidarity with the difference between the Catholic. In 1807 the protestant missionaries Morrison, opened the protestant missionaries to China .But compared to the rooted in China for two and a half centuries Catholic which they was the first coming to China, and Qing government's policy were banned the retreat and religion, so its influence only existed in Macao, Guangzhou, etc. But since then, until the early 20th century protestant in China moved towards north, its activities obvious influence on the modern Chinese society more than 200 years earlier to the missionary Catholic Church. Some scholars of historians called protestant missionary activities in China "north shift phenomenon", and author discussed north shift phenomenon around this paper.This paper had four aspects to dicuss this problem. First of all, to discussed the proposal of "protestant missionary activities in China moved in north.". Secondly, to discussed the basic reasons, deep-rooted reason, historic reasons and universality reasons for protestant moved in China's north. Thirdly, talked again about two important stages of moving northward for protestant missionary activities in China . North shift phenomenon mainly displayed in 1840-1900,and its characteristics could be divided into two stages: the first stage was from1840 to 1860, the protestant with first opium war powers of Nanjing treaty signed the five trade terms, from Macau, Guangzhou expanded to southeast coastal trade port in Shanghai, and formed the pattern of activity center. The second stage was from 1860-1900, and the protestant relied on the second opium war powers of the Tianjin treaty signed in mainland China and allowed foreign missionaries in-depth missionary terms, furtherly, moved northward and spread to the whole China. Meanwhile it came into China's political and economical life in late Qing dynasty. Then formed activity center―Shanghai and working center―Beijing. As for the protestant from1807 to 1840, the protestant constrained by activities of Macau and Guangzhou still couldn't move northward ,or at best, only called move northward and prophase. After 1900 protestant had gotten power of missionaries in China, thus, no longer apparently displayed characteristics of move northward. Finally, discussed the problem of protestant moved towards north activity center.