Researches On The Longtou Mountain Mound Tombs In Nanling

Mound tomb is an unique form of cemetery with local characteristics exists in the southern region, which is popularity in the Shang and Zhou dynasty to the Spring and Autumn period. It's called for its surface into the pier form, by the main features of original porcelain and stamped hard pottery. Mound tombs in the southern region have a large areas of distribution. Longtou mountain region is one of the leading mountain region, which located in Nanling county, Wuhu city, Anhui province. It's in the intersection of hilly and plains of south-central Nanling. There are a huge number of mound tombs. Not only be found in the main mountain ranges, also is extending out of the hills, or a certain place in some parts of the foot. It's basically has the following characteristics. Firstly, the main mountain regions are distributed in the mountain ridge or the hillock falls with the exception outside the region, located in the foothills less. Ridge or hillock falls in the mound tombs of distribution are which present basically set up in an array beaded and an individual broader height. The existence has a long sierra moves toward the compound distribution. The distribution of the mound tombs on the foot of the hillside have also shown by the height gradually down to the lower order regularity. Secondly, much more mound tombs distributed in the sunrise side of the mountain, distributed rarely in the location of the shade. And thirdly, there are a great relationship between the distribution of the mound tombs and the surrounding geographical environment. The better place are distributed more mound tombs, otherwise are fewer and smaller. The sealing build of the mound tombs are mainly takes the earth nearby, then seals after the cascade build forms. According to each mound tomb of the main mountain surface, the extent of the mound tombs are used by the situation. Also the construction of the mound tomb is divided into two types. One is to clean up after the closure of adobe building level A, another one is not to clear the closure which will be built of adobe's level. Clean-up to the level before the closure of adobe construction of the mound tombs can be divided into two parts. One part of the raised and recessed, another part of the pad to level flat in both cases. Level is not to clear the closure of sealing build. It mainly more than a pier on a top of the tomb. The shape of the tomb structure is a very important part that shown by the ancient tomb culture. According to the tombs, they have shown the characteristics of shape and structure. It point to reflect the period in which the tombs at the grave system and the burial customs and other aspects. And people ideology are reflected in the burial area and other sides, such as social, political, economic, cultural and a reflection of the microcosm. Therefore, the tomb structure of Longtou mountain is also an important research direction.Although there's no stone chamber tomb found in the tomb, but there are still abundant. It's based on an available information, in accordance with the specific tomb mound in the form. Mound tombs in Longtou mountain can be divided into three categories:pit-type mound tomb, mound tomb from the ground cover type, stone bed and stone box-type. In addition, according to the excavation, the mound tombs are found in the number of differences can be divided into a tomb of a pier, a pier with more tomb and empty tomb. Not only the different of tombs'units and shapes, but also slightly different with a certain degree of particularity. The tomb mound in the mountain is leading to the tomb. Burial direction refers to the tomb, generally by the deceased buried with the direction, such like the direction of the head, and also with the direction of foot and face. Research on the direction of tombs is a very important part about the ancient burial system and the ideology. In a whole way, Longtou mountain mound tombs are the east-west oriented. It shows only a few tombs of the north-south direction, and whose tomb has a little to go with the mountain. It mainly because of the terrain, or a burial unit of reasons for the discrepancy. The unearthed of Longtou mountain mound tombs are more diverse, such as hard pottery, original blue porcelain, pottery red clay, gray clay pottery, black clay potter, coarse pottery, stoneware, jade and bronze. There are also many grave-goods, like the main altar, jars, pot with double ears, Bu, Dou, Li, Yan, He, Ding, Yu, copper rings, bowls, spinning wheel, ax, shovel, adze, semicircular jade ornament, razor, lid, etc.. To the more complex-type, although fewer artifacts, there are many unique artifacts unearthed. They are also placed much more regularly and abundant cultural connotation. Artifacts unearthed from the state and shape, texture and other aspects can be seen of the unique mound tombs with surrounding areas and the comparison of the mound tomb region. Seen from that, Longtou mountain mound tombs and Qianfeng mountain mound tombs are different. But the overall cultural connotations and cultural types should be consistent. Other areas surrounding the mound tomb are more obviously than their differences. Accordingly, we find that Longtou mountain mound tombs should be shared with Qianfeng mountain in a form of an unique regional culture in that region. Longtou mountain mound tombs exists a continuity and transition. It's probably a long-term sustainable use of the cemetery. It should be a more important activity center of a small area. During this period, it uniqueness that Nanling county in Anhui province should be a prominent feature of the unique cultural region. It's also an important cultural birthplace.