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A Study Of Zhang Zai' Human Nature Theory Thought

Posted on:2012-01-04Degree:MasterType:Thesis
Country:ChinaCandidate:J LiuFull Text:PDF
GTID:2215330338971069Subject:Chinese philosophy
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Zhang Zai is one of the famous neo-Confucianism, and is also one of the most aggressive philosopher at Neo-Confucianism trend in northern song dynasty. Zhang Zai paid great attention to border military from the youth, and to get fame of building a solid career. He pursues the career of removeing external suffering and ensuring peoples'safety. Meanwhile, he keens on researching the knowledge of governing the country. In his life time, Zhang Zai advocates practical learning and against Empty mouthy. He also pay attention to real political and the benefit of the people.Most of his life time for teaching and writing books on the subject, and he Have A higher position In the SongMing dynasty Confucianism.Later, because against Wang Anshi's Political reform and conflict with him, so he was expelled to court. Then he returned to teaching in HengQu town at shanxi provinces of fengXiang. Therefore, he was honored as Mr. HengQu with the later scholars. His theory of human nature thoughts not only made outstanding contribution with pay close attention to Country and the people but also establish a good foundation for the development of SongMing dynasty neo-Confucianism humanity theory. The main content of the theory of Zhang Zais' human nature thoughts include, The theories of human nature in the origin and ontological foundation, The core of Zhang Zais' human nature are nature of the heaven and the earth and the nature of temperament, it also consist of ascending human cultivation methods and stage, Changed temperament and Research natural-principles and Fulfill the nature of man Until reaching destiny.The same with the traditional confucian scholars, Zhang Zai also have the academic experience of returns to YiJing. Taoism emphasizes "exist comes form nothing". Nevertheless, Zhang Zai Carries out a criticism and thinks that the world was born in all things "exist", rather than in "nothing". Buddhism and Taoism have Common mistakes is that Only know vanity is the nature of things and don't know humanity is the fusion of vanity and gas. It lacerates the integration of vanity and gas.Taking vanity as humanity and Saying humanity and don't say gas.So Zhang Zai's thought on human nature, on the basis of traditional Confucianism to FoLao philosophy Critical and transformation. His philosophy research focuses on human nature, also is the nature of people. Not only should explain human reality naturalness, the more it should be pointed out that the ontology based on human nature. The theory of thoughts form human nature by mencius is the origin of Human goodness of the influence and WangChong gas determinism. The theory of human nature thought embodies that the mencius inherite and carry These two kinds of emergent road of "with all one's heart and Cultivating good human" and "In turn demands on themselves". Whereas WangChongs'gas determinism says gas constitutes the substance elements of heaven and earth, and of all things birth is vigour condensated and death is returned vigor. The view has very big effect with theory of human nature of zhangzai. At the same time, Human nature is seen as heaven and man's ties by Zhang Zai. So ZhangZzais' human nature thoughts on the basis of the understanding for heaven concept.He put forward that the core of human nature theory is "Nature of the heaven and the earth" and "The nature of temperament". He think that "Nature of the heaven and the earth" from Universe ontology. It is the basic attribute of TaiXu and pure good no evil, just the saints possess it. It has the nature of eternity and universality and potential, dormant. But most people because the different with gas of thickness and Clear and turbidity, its are mixed with the good and evil "the nature of temperament". It is after the natural property of forming with things and people. "The nature of temperament" in the moral ethics haven't the difference between good or evil in the original state. It is pure and good. Had evil qualities if it comes in contact with other similar things.In other words, if Control is bad will do among addicted to unlimited desire,then hoodwinked "Nature of the heaven and the earth".The theory of human nature is able to "Create new theory of himself, it depend on'two temperament of Human combined". This is what ascension human cultivation methods and stage, namely "change temperament" and "Speak theory and fulfill the nature of man,Until he finished his destiny". There are two meanings of Change temperament."First, "the nature of temperament" is cleaned out by "Nature of the heaven and the earth", the Purpose is to keep this goodness of "Nature of the heaven and the earth". This is to find "the nature of temperament" of the "Nature of the heaven and the earth", which realize "Nature of the heaven and the earth" is the most ideal human nature. Secondly, "Nature of the heaven and the earth" transform " The nature of temperament", it makes temperament better. First, in separate individual character, it is need "reduce desire" and"Speak theory" and "growth the character of heart", and returns Innate character, so it can achieve "Nature of the heaven and the earth ". Second, as a member of the social groups, it need make behaviour accord with ritual. So Zhang Zais'the theory of human nature mainly through "Speak theory with heart" of the intrinsic tutelage and the external constraints with ritual to achieve the ideal state of human nature.Next, It wants to complete this process of "Speak theory and fulfill the nature of man,Until he finished his destiny". The stage is "Speak theory", "fulfill the nature of myself, "fulfill the nature of man", "fulfill the nature of all things on earth", until Daoism. Therefore, the process of these are divided into: Scholars, sage, saint. He said that one section is form scholars to YanHui, two section is form YanHui to Confucius. it is very hard to arrive the two section. YanHui and Confucius as a sage and saints respectively the ideal representatives. These three stages emphasize "heart" as a hub, it make TaiXu as the ultimate goal to complete their mission.This reflect human constantly improve and moral improvement. In short, Zhang Zai as the founder of double theory of human nature in China's history, He changed one-sidedness studies of the history of human problems in China ancient exerted great influence on human nature, also it has far-reaching influence on later.
Keywords/Search Tags:Zhang Zai, the Theory of Human Nature, Nature of the Heaven and the Earth, the Nature of Temperament, Change Temperament
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